Adiponectin and inducible ischemia in patients with stable coronary heart disease: data from the Heart and Soul study.

Objective: Elevated concentrations of adiponectin are associated with a favorable metabolic profile but also with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This apparent discrepancy has raised questions about whether adiponectin is associated with an increased or decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We sought to determine whether higher adiponectin levels are associated with exercise-induced ischemia in patients with stable CHD.

Restorative yoga in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, controlled pilot trial.

Background: Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Yoga improves some metabolic parameters, but it has not been studied in persons with metabolic syndrome. We conducted a randomized controlled pilot trial to determine whether a restorative yoga intervention was feasible and acceptable in underactive, overweight adults with metabolic syndrome.

Fetuin-A and incident diabetes mellitus in older persons.

Context: Fetuin-A is a hepatic secretory protein that binds the insulin receptor and inhibits insulin action in vitro. In prior cross-sectional studies in humans, higher fetuin-A levels were associated with insulin resistance. However, the longitudinal association of fetuin-A with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus is unknown.

Joint effects of adiposity and physical activity on incident mobility limitation in older adults.

Objectives: To examine joint associations of physical activity and adiposity measures (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, percentage body fat) with incident mobility limitation.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting: Memphis, Tennessee and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Relationship of ankle blood pressures to cardiovascular events in older adults.

Background And Purpose: Low values of ankle-arm systolic blood pressure ratio predict mortality and cardiovascular events. High values, associated with arterial calcification, also carry risk for mortality. We focus on the extent to which low and high ankle-arm index values as well as noncompressible arteries are associated with mortality and cardiovascular events, including stroke in older adults.

Polymorphisms in the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha gene are associated with levels of apolipoprotein CIII and triglyceride in African-Americans but not Caucasians.

Background: We tested whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PPARalpha gene (PPARA) are associated with variations in levels of plasma apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) levels, as well as other lipids and lipoproteins, in African-Americans and Caucasians.

Methods And Results: We initially identified an intronic SNP (rs4253728) in PPARA that was associated with plasma apoCIII level (p<0.05) in a subset of 435 individuals from the total study population (n=944; 335 African-Americans and 609 Caucasians).

Food insecurity is associated with diabetes mellitus: results from the National Health Examination and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002.

Background: Food insecurity refers to limited or uncertain access to food resulting from inadequate financial resources. There is a clear association between food insecurity and obesity among women, but little is known about the relationship between food insecurity and type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate whether there is an independent association between food insecurity and diabetes.

Body mass index and serum leptin concentration independently estimate percentage body fat in older adults.

Background: Because serum concentrations of leptin, a hormone produced by adipocytes, can be relatively reliably and inexpensively measured, it may be considered complementary to, or even a substitute for, body mass index (BMI) as a measure of adiposity.

Objective: We examined the ability of BMI and leptin concentrations, separately and together, to estimate total percentage fat in older adults.

Design: Total percentage fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and fasting serum leptin concentrations were measured in 2911 well-functioning 70-79-y-old participants (42% black, 51% women) in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study.

Genetic admixture, adipocytokines, and adiposity in Black Americans: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study.

Adipocytokines are a subset of cytokines produced by adipose tissue and are associated with risk of type II diabetes and atherosclerosis. Levels of adipocytokines differ between Black and White Americans, even after adjustment for differences in adiposity, diseases associated with adipocytokines including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and general socioeconomic status indicators such as income. We used a series of ancestry informative markers to estimate genetic ancestry in a population-based study of older Black Americans, and examined the association between genetic ancestry and adipocytokines and soluble receptors to help determine which of these may be most amenable to admixture mapping.

Endothelin-1 and prevalent coronary heart disease in older men and women (the Rancho Bernardo Study).

Endothelin-1 has been implicated in atherosclerotic and ischemic heart disease. No population-based studies have examined the association of endothelin-1 with coronary heart disease (CHD). We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 961 older women and men.

Risk factors for mortality in middle-aged women.

Background: Many factors contribute to mortality in older women, but their relative importance and independent contribution have been poorly characterized.

Methods: From 1990 to 1992, we assessed demographics, lifestyle measures, prevalent disease, medication use, anthropometrics, vital signs, and physical function in 17 748 postmenopausal women. We used proportional hazards modeling to evaluate their association with mortality.

Prevalence and correlates of cardiovascular risk factors in South Asians: population-based data from two California surveys.

Objective: Few population-based studies report cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor prevalence for South Asians in the United States. We examined CVD risk for South Asians in California.

Design/setting/participants: We used data from two population-based surveys with South Asian participants in California, the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) and the Cardiovascular Health among Asian Indian (CHAI) survey.

Quality-of-life impact and treatment of urinary incontinence in ethnically diverse older women.

Objective: To identify the factors associated with greater quality-of-life impact, treatment seeking, and use of treatments for urinary incontinence in ethnically diverse older women.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort of 2109 middle-aged and older women who were randomly selected from age and race/ethnicity strata. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires and in-person interviews.

Serum adiponectin and coronary heart disease risk in older Black and White Americans.

Context: Adiponectin may influence the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective: Because body composition and adiponectin levels vary by race, we examined the relationship of adiponectin with prevalent and incident CHD in a cohort of older Black and White adults.

Design And Setting: We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective cohort study at two U.

Feasibility and acceptability of restorative yoga for treatment of hot flushes: a pilot trial.

Objective: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of a restorative yoga intervention for the treatment of hot flushes in postmenopausal women.

Methods: A pilot trial in 14 postmenopausal women experiencing > or =4 moderate to severe hot flushes per day or > or =30 moderate to severe hot flushes per week. The intervention consisted of eight restorative yoga poses taught in a 3-h introductory session and 8 weekly 90-min sessions.

Impact of inflammation on the relationship among alcohol consumption, mortality, and cardiac events: the health, aging, and body composition study.

Background: Uncertainty remains about the overall survival benefit of alcohol consumption and the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effect of light to moderate alcohol intake. Recent evidence suggests an anti-inflammatory effect of light to moderate alcohol consumption. We investigated the relationship of alcohol intake with all-cause mortality and cardiac events and evaluated whether this relationship is mediated or modified by inflammatory markers.

Prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence in women with type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2002.

Objective: Diabetes is associated with increased risk of urinary incontinence. It is unknown whether women with pre-diabetes, or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), have increased prevalence of incontinence. We determined the prevalence of, and risk factors for, incontinence among U.

Abdominal obesity is an independent risk factor for chronic heart failure in older people.

Objectives: To examine whether total and abdominal adiposity are risk factors for the development of chronic heart failure (CHF) in older men and women.

Design: Prospective, longitudinal cohort: The Health, Aging and Body Composition study.

Setting: Memphis, Tennessee, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, metropolitan areas.

Adipocytokines and incident diabetes mellitus in older adults: the independent effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1.

Background: Adipose tissue produces "adipocytokines" of uncertain clinical significance.

Methods: We analyzed the relationships among adiposity, adipocytokines, glycemia, and incident diabetes mellitus in 2356 white and black adults aged 70 to 79 years in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study who did not have diabetes at baseline. We measured the levels of adipocytokines adiponectin, leptin, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1.

Lifestyle intervention is associated with lower prevalence of urinary incontinence: the Diabetes Prevention Program.

Objective: Diabetes is associated with increased urinary incontinence risk. Weight loss improves incontinence, but exercise may worsen this condition. We examined whether an intensive lifestyle intervention or metformin therapy among overweight pre-diabetic women was associated with a lower prevalence of incontinence.

Preinfection systemic inflammatory markers and risk of hospitalization due to pneumonia.

Rationale: Elevated proinflammatory cytokines are associated with severity of pneumonia, but the role of preinfection cytokine levels in the predisposition to pneumonia in humans is less clear.

Objective: To ascertain role of preinfection inflammatory markers on susceptibility to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: Longitudinal analysis over 6.

Dietary glycemic index and load, measures of glucose metabolism, and body fat distribution in older adults.

Background: Recent evidence suggests that the rate of carbohydrate digestion and absorption may influence the development of type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine associations of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with predictors of type 2 diabetes in older adults.

Design: This study evaluated cross-sectional relations of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with measures of glucose metabolism and body fat distribution in participants of the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, a prospective cohort study of adults aged 70-80 y (n = 2248).