The Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Major Depression.

Introduction: Cardiovascular risk in depression has been investigated in small clinical samples and population-based studies revealing inconclusive results. However, cardiovascular risk in drug-naive depressed patients has not been tested extensively.

Methods: Body mass index-based Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Scores and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels were used to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease in drug-naive depressed patients and healthy volunteers.

Social Cognition in Opioid Use Disorder.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is associated with significant functional impairment and neurocognitive dysfunction, but only a handful of studies have investigated social cognitive abilities in this condition. This study aimed to investigate facial emotion recognition accuracy/biases and two different aspects of theory of mind (ToM) (ToM-decoding vs ToM-reasoning) in people with recovered OUD. The participants included 32 people with recovered OUD who were on Buprenorphine + Naloxone (B/N) maintenance treatment and 32 healthy controls.

Associations Between Blood Levels of NLRP3 Inflammasome Components and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.

Introduction: Even though the effect of inflammation on pathogenesis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is known, information regarding the underlying mechanisms are yet to be revealed. The NLRP3 inflammasome complex is an important component of the innate immune system that initiates and mediates inflammatory response to a variety of stimuli. This study aims to inquire into a possible association between NLRP3 inflammasome complex and OCD.

Increased telomerase activity in major depressive disorder with melancholic features: Possible role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

The biological mechanisms responsible for depression symptoms are not yet understood. For this reason, it is important to reveal the etiopathogenetic mechanisms in this disease. This study aims to compare the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), and telomerase activity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls.

Maternal psychiatric status and infant wheezing: The role of maternal hormones and cord blood cytokines.

Rationale: Maternal psychosocial stress might be associated with development of allergic diseases in the offspring.

Objectives: To evaluate the association of maternal depression and anxiety with ever wheezing and recurrent wheezing among infants and to assess the role of maternal hypothalamo-pituatary-adrenal axis changes and fetal immune response in this association.

Methods: This study encompasses two designs; cohort design was developed to evaluate the association of prenatal depression with development of wheezing in infants while nested case-control design was used to assess the role of maternal cortisol and tetranectin and cord blood interleukin 13 and interferon γ.

Vestibular migraine patients are more anxious than migraine patients without vestibular symptoms.

The link between vertigo and anxiety is well known. The aim of this study is to compare anxiety disorders in 3 groups: patients with vestibular migraine (VM), patients with migraine but without vertigo (MO) and healthy controls (HC).We performed cross-sectional analysis of following tests: (a) Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA); (b) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X1 and STAI-X2); (c) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); (d) Panic-Agoraphobic Scale and (e) Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ).

Development of social anxiety disorder secondary to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (the developmental hypothesis).

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) may develop secondary to childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) in a subgroup of the patients with SAD. Patients pass through a number of identifiable stages of developmental pathways to SAD as they grow up. Patients with ADHD have maladaptive behaviours in social settings due to the symptoms of ADHD.

Comparison of Cognitive Impairment between Patients having Epilepsy and Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive impairment in patients having epilepsy or psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs) using selected neuropsychological tests at different time periods related to the seizure.

Methods: In this study, selected neurocognitive tests were administered to the patients. Within 24 h, the previously applied neurocognitive tests were repeated within 24 h following the observation of typical seizures when monitoring and normalizing electroencephalography (EEG) activity.

[Anxiety disorder due to epilepsy: a case report].

Epileptic patients present with psychiatric disorders more frequently than the general population and patients with other chronic medical conditions. Psychiatric disorders can co-occur with epilepsy and can be caused by epilepsy. Personality changes, as well as psychosis, and mood or anxiety disorders can occur in association with epilepsy.

Diverse glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) support between mania and schizophrenia: a comparative study in four major psychiatric disorders.

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) have essential roles in synaptic plasticity which is involved in pathogenesis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, it is not clear whether they act simultaneously during illness states in major psychiatric disorders.

Methods: BDNF and GDNF serum levels were measured concomitantly by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in 171 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (n=33), bipolar disorder-manic episode (n=39), bipolar/unipolar depression (n=64, 24/40) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (n=35) according to DSM-IV, and 78 healthy volunteers.

Alexithymia and emotional intelligence in patients with panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder.

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a broad personality construct signifying the ability to perceive and to regulate affects within oneself. Alexithymia is another personality construct denoting difficulty in identifying and expressing emotions, with an externally oriented thinking style. Although previously considered to be independent, some studies have shown that these constructs overlap.

The validity and reliability of Turkish version of separation anxiety symptom inventory and adult separation anxiety questionnaire.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of Separation Anxiety Symptoms Inventory (SASI) that assess childhood separation anxiety retrospectively and Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA).

Method: The study sample included a group of 410 participants comprised of 282 adult psychiatric outpatients with anxiety and/or major depressive disorders according to DSM-IV criteria and 128 nonpsychiatric control subjects. The presence of psychiatric disorders was determined by using the M.

Hypersensitivity to 35% carbon dioxide in patients with adult separation anxiety disorder.

Background: Adults with panic disorder (PD) and children with separation anxiety disorder (CSAD) show higher reactivity to CO(2). Our hypothesis was patients with adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) would show similar hypersensitivity to CO(2). In the present study, we determined whether sensitivity to CO(2) was enhanced in adult patients with separation anxiety disorder with no history of panic attacks.

Temperament and character dimensions of patients with adult separation anxiety disorder.

Background: There is growing evidence suggesting that separation anxiety can occur in adults. We aimed to determine temperament and character dimensions in patients with adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) compared to patients with panic disorder (PD) and healthy subjects.

Methods: The study sample included 77 outpatients with ASAD, 44 outpatients with a PD with or without agoraphobia diagnosis, and 35 healthy subjects.

Anxiety sensitivity and its importance in psychiatric disorders.

Anxiety sensitivity refers to the extent of beliefs that anxiety symptoms or arousal can have harmful consequences. There is growing evidence for anxiety sensitivity as a risk factor for anxiety disorders. Anxiety sensitivity is elevated in panic disorder as well as other anxiety disorders.

Ethnic and migrational impact on the clinical manifestation of depression.

Purpose: Depressive disorders are still underdiagnosed. Ethnic and cultural factors may influence the way depression is presented and therefore contribute to problems in assessing these disorders in different ethnic populations appropriately. In this investigation, the impact of both ethnicity and migration on the manifestation of depression was studied.

[The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the anxiety sensitivity index-3].

Objective: Anxiety sensitivity has been defined as an excessive fear from senses and symptoms of anxiety. The aim of the present study is to investigate the validity and reliability of Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) and adapting it into Turkish.

Method: The study group consisted of 150 healthy individuals without any psychiatric disorder and 300 patients with an anxiety disorder and/or major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV criteria.

[Undergraduate psychiatric training in Turkey].

Objective: The current trend in medical education is to abandon the experience-based traditional model and embrace the competency-based education model (CBE). The basic principle behind CBE is standardization. The first step in standardization is to determine what students must know, what they must accomplish, and what attitude they should display, and the establishment of educational goals.

History of suffocation, state-trait anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity in predicting 35% carbon dioxide-induced panic.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of history of suffocation, state-trait anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity on response to a 35% carbon dioxide (CO₂) challenge in panic disorder patients, their healthy first-degree relatives and healthy comparisons. Thirty-two patients with panic disorder, 32 first-degree relatives, and 34 healthy volunteers underwent the 35% CO₂ challenge. We assessed baseline anxiety with the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI1), and panic symptoms with the Panic Symptom List (PSL III-R).

[Character and temperament dimensions of patients with temporomandibular disorder].

Objective: The nature of the relationship between personality and temporomandibular disorder is an important, but still unexplored question. The objective of this study was to assess the personality profile of a sample of patients with temporomandibular disorder using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).

Method: The study included 81 patients [17 male (21%) and 64 female (79%)] with temporomandibular disorder and 80 healthy control subjects [15 male (18.

Panic disorder subtypes: further clinical differences.

Panic disorder (PD) is a heterogeneous phenomenon with respect to symptom profile. Most studies agree that a group of patients with prominent respiratory symptoms emerged as a distinct PD subtype. In this study we compared a range of clinical features associated with PD and agoraphobia in patients with respiratory (RS) and nonrespiratory (NRS) subtypes of PD.

Basilar artery blood flow velocity changes in patients with panic disorder following 35% carbon dioxide challenge.

Purpose: We compared the mean basilar artery blood flow velocity (BABFV) between patients with panic disorder and healthy subjects both at rest and immediately following carbon dioxide (CO(2)) challenge, and examined the effects of treatment on BABFV.

Methods: Twenty four patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia and 12 healthy comparison subjects were studied. Visual Analog Anxiety Scale was used to evaluate the anxiogenic effect of 35% CO(2) inhalation.

[Factorial structure, validity, and reliability of the Turkish temperament and character inventory].

Objective: To assess the factorial structure, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), a 240-item, self-report, paper-and-pencil test, and true-false format inventory based on Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality. It measures the four higher-order temperament dimensions and three character dimensions.

Method: Using samples consisting of 470 healthy volunteers and 544 psychiatric patients, psychometric features were explored.