The relationship of shammah (Arabian snuff) chewing to the risk of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders.

Introduction: Shammah is a form of smokeless tobacco commonly used in the Arabian Peninsula. The data on the harmful effects of shammah on oral health, particularly oral malignancies, are scarce. The aim of this review was to explore the association between shammah use and development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and/or oral cancer.

Predictors of Oral Function and Facial Aesthetics Post Maxillofacial Reconstruction with Free Fibula Flap.

Background: For maxillofacial reconstruction, free flaps have largely replaced pedicled flaps. In a Saudi Arabian sample, we (1) assessed patients' postoperative oral function and facial aesthetics (OFFA), specifically pertaining to diet, speech intelligibility, oral opening, maxilla-mandibular occlusion, and facial aesthetics (all rated 0-2) following fibular free flap surgery; and (2) identified preoperative predictors of a novel 10-point OFFA rating scale combining these 5 parameters.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent free fibula flap surgery for nontraumatic maxillofacial reconstruction from 2010 to 2017 and were followed postoperatively for at least 6 months or until death.

Association of nitric oxide with oral lichen planus.

Background: The small signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) has been postulated to have a mediator role in the pathogenesis of several diseases including oral lichen planus (OLP). This systematic review aimed to quantify the existing literature and assess the association of NO and OLP.

Methods: The focused question being addressed was "Is there an association between nitric oxide and OLP?" PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science, and grey literature from January 1990 to August 2018 were searched.

Surgical outcome of two-flap palatoplasty at King Fahad Medical City: A tertiary care center experience.

The purpose of this study was to assess surgical outcomes of two-flap palatoplasty for management of cleft palate.Between January 2009 and January 2017, we recruited 29 nonsyndromic patients who underwent two-flap palatoplasty for cleft palate repair at the oral and maxillofacial department. Their medical records were procured, and surgical outcomes were assessed.

The relationship of "shisha" (water pipe) smoking to the risk of head and neck cancer.

Introduction: There has been a recent rise in popularity of waterpipe smoking (WPS) among younger people. While it is a tobacco-related product, research on the possible deleterious effects on health and its relationship with cancer is sparse. In this paper, we evaluated the existing literature and association of WPS with head and neck cancer.

A potential new oral mapping (OM) method in the clinical evaluation and documentation of oral submucous fibrosis-A prospective clinical crossover study.

Background: Despite much research, there is a lack of a definite protocol or method for documenting oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) site presentation. In this study, we propose a new potential oral mapping (OM) method and evaluated its use in recording OSMF-affected mucosal sites.

Methods: Fifty OSMF patients were evaluated by 15 primary care dental practitioners using both, a conventional subjective recording method and a new OM method, to document the degree of involvement of affected oral mucosa with a crossover study design.

TFM classification and staging of oral submucous fibrosis: A new proposal.

Background: We have evaluated the rationale of existing grading and staging schemes of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) based on how they are categorized. A novel classification and staging scheme is proposed.

Methods: A total of 300 OSMF patients were evaluated for agreement between functional, clinical, and histopathological staging.

Oral submucous fibrosis: An update on pathophysiology of malignant transformation.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant condition associated with areca nut chewing. Formerly confined to the Indian subcontinent, it is now often seen in Asian populations of the United Kingdom, USA and other developed countries, and is therefore a serious problem for global health. What makes it more sinister is the malignant transformation rate, which has been reported to be around 7.

Current protocols in the management of oral submucous fibrosis: An update.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a debilitating condition of oral cavity which has significant potential for malignant transformation. In spite of over 20 years of research, the pathogenesis of the condition is still obscure and no single management modality is effective. Many OSMF treatment protocols have been proposed to alleviate the signs and symptoms of the disorder and there is overwhelming evidence that as areca nut is primary cause, stopping its use may have a considerable effect on symptoms rather than reversing pre-existing fibrosis.

Breath Alkane as an index of severity for oral submucous fibrosis: A new perspective?

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a devastating disease commonly seen in the Asian subcontinent that results in significant functional morbidity for patients and has a high potential for malignant transformation. Over the last three decades, different diagnostic methods have been described to quantify and grade OSMF severity. Some methods have been used with perceived favorable outcomes although recurrence and malignant transformation remains a problem in many cases, and OSMF presents a major therapeutic challenge.

Primary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma involving the Mandible.

Lymphomas of the oral cavity are rare and typically present as intraosseous lesions that are most commonly diffuse large B-cell type. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma histologically characterized by diffuse proliferation of large neoplastic B-lymphoid cells with a nuclear size equal to or exceeding normal histiocytic nuclei. A case of DLBCL of the mandible in an 18 years old male patient is presented.

Head and neck soft tissue sarcoma.

Sarcomas are malignant neoplasms originating from mesodermal tissues and constitute less than 1% of body's tumors, including those of the head and neck region. 5-15% of adult sarcomas are in the head and neck region (20% from bones and cartilages and 80% in soft tissues). Commonly encountered sarcomas in the head and neck region are - osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma and angiosarcoma.

The influence of some dentin primers on calcium hydroxide lining cement.

Unlabelled: Dentin primer is applied as a routine procedure prior to bonding to improve the sealing properties of direct polymerizing resins. Some primers contain acetone or alcohol that may affect the properties of calcium hydroxide liner which is placed as a direct or indirect pulp cap. If calcium hydroxide is softened or smeared over the cavity walls, the bonding will be impaired.

Compressive creep and recovery of light-cured packable composite resins.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to study the time-dependent creep and recovery behavior of some packable composites resins compared to a typical dispersion-phase amalgam alloy.

Methods: Three packable posterior composite resins (ALERT, SureFil, Solitaire) were used as experimental groups and a high copper admixed amalgam alloy (Dispersalloy) was chosen as a control material. Cylindrical specimens (4 mm x 8 mm) were fabricated and stored in artificial saliva for 1 week at 37 degrees C.

Evaluation of the bond mediated by eight DBA's to enamel and dentin.

It is well-established that the bonding strength between resin and acid-etched enamel is considered clinically adequate. The tensile bonding strength mediated by a group of dentinal bonding agents (DBA's) to both dentin and acid-etched enamel was measured after one hour and the results compared. For all the DBA's tested, the bonding strength to enamel was higher than that to dentin.