Effects of Benzophenone-3 and Propylparaben on Estrogen Receptor-Dependent R-Loops and DNA Damage in Breast Epithelial Cells and Mice.

Background: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been shown to have broad effects on development, but their mutagenic actions that can lead to cancer have been less clearly demonstrated. Physiological levels of estrogen have been shown to stimulate DNA damage in breast epithelial cells through mechanisms mediated by estrogen-receptor alpha (). Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and propylparaben (PP) are xenoestrogens found in the urine of of U.

Sterilization of Silastic Capsules Containing 17β-Estradiol for Effective Hormone Delivery in .

Silastic capsules are frequently used to study the physiologic effects of estrogen exposure in animal models. The Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare requires the sterilization of nonpharmaceutical-grade compounds before use. We compared 2 commonly used terminal sterilization methods-ionizing radiation (IR) and ethylene oxide (EO)-for their utility in sterilizing silastic capsules containing 0.