Perceived discrimination and type 2 diabetes incidence: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study.

Objectives: To examine the prospective association between perceived everyday discrimination and Type 2 diabetes incidence in a large population-based sample.

Method: Data were from the Health and Retirement Study of 14,900 individuals aged ≥ 50 years without a diabetes diagnosis. Participants self-reported experiences of everyday discrimination and diabetes status.

Framework-based qualitative analysis of free responses of Large Language Models: Algorithmic fidelity.

Today, with the advent of Large-scale generative Language Models (LLMs) it is now possible to simulate free responses to interview questions such as those traditionally analyzed using qualitative research methods. Qualitative methodology encompasses a broad family of techniques involving manual analysis of open-ended interviews or conversations conducted freely in natural language. Here we consider whether artificial "silicon participants" generated by LLMs may be productively studied using qualitative analysis methods in such a way as to generate insights that could generalize to real human populations.

Perceived discrimination in middle-aged and older adults: Comparison between England and the United States.

Objectives: This study examined differences in perceived discrimination across multiple characteristics in England and the United States (US), in middle- and older-aged adults.

Methods: Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging ( = 8,671) and the US-based Health and Retirement Study ( = 7,927), we assessed cross-national differences in perceived discrimination attributed to disability, financial status, sex, race, sexual orientation, and weight. We also compared how perceived discrimination varied with socioeconomic position (SEP) based on wealth.

Perceived barriers and enablers influencing physical activity in heart failure: A qualitative one-to-one interview study.

In heart failure (HF), increased physical activity is associated with improved quality of life, reduced hospitalisation, and increased longevity and is an important aim of treatment. However, physical activity levels in individuals living with HF are typically extremely low. This qualitative study with one-to-one interviews systematically explores perceived clinical, environmental, and psychosocial barriers and enablers in older adults (≥70 years old) living with HF.

Informing behaviour change intervention design using systematic review with Bayesian meta-analysis: physical activity in heart failure.

Embracing the Bayesian approach, we aimed to synthesise evidence regarding barriers and enablers to physical activity in adults with heart failure (HF) to inform behaviour change intervention. This approach helps estimate and quantify the uncertainty in the evidence and facilitates the synthesis of qualitative and quantitative studies. Qualitative evidence was annotated using the Theoretical Domains Framework and represented as a prior distribution using an expert elicitation task.

CpZrCl - EtAl reagent system in the homo-coupling of trimethylsilyl-substituted alkynes.

The reaction of trimethylsilyl-substituted alkynes with 0.5 equivalents of CpZrCl and 1 equivalent of EtAl in toluene at room temperature for 18 hours gives, after hydrolysis/deuterolysis or iodination, functionalized products of the homo-coupling of silyl-substituted alkynes in good yield. Trimethylsilyl-substituted α,ω-diynes react with the CpZrCl - EtAl reagent system to give (1,2)-1,2-bis(iodo(trimethylsilyl)methylene)cycloalkanes after iodinolysis.

Effect of a Home-Based, Walking Exercise Behavior Change Intervention vs Usual Care on Walking in Adults With Peripheral Artery Disease: The MOSAIC Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Home-based walking exercise interventions are recommended for people with peripheral artery disease (PAD), but evidence of their efficacy has been mixed.

Objective: To investigate the effect of a home-based, walking exercise behavior change intervention delivered by physical therapists in adults with PAD and intermittent claudication compared with usual care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Multicenter randomized clinical trial including 190 adults with PAD and intermittent claudication in 6 hospitals in the United Kingdom between January 2018 and March 2020; final follow-up was September 8, 2020.

Efficacy of interventions to increase physical activity for people with heart failure: a meta-analysis.

Objectives: This meta-analysis aims to (1) evaluate the efficacy of physical activity interventions in heart failure and (2) to identify intervention characteristics significantly associated with the interventions' efficacy.

Methods: Randomised controlled trials reporting intervention effects on physical activity in heart failure were combined in a meta-analysis using a random-effect model. Exploratory meta-analysis was performed by specifying the general approach (eg, cardiac rehabilitation), strategies used (eg, action planning), setting (eg, centre based), mode of delivery (eg, face to face or online), facilitator (eg, nurse), contact time and behavioural change theory use as predictors in the random-effect model.

Effectiveness of web-based and mobile health interventions designed to enhance adherence to physical activity for people with inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies for the effectiveness of digital interventions designed to enhance adherence to physical activity (PA) for people with inflammatory arthritis and describe the intervention content using established coding criteria.

Methods: Six electronic databases were searched for published and unpublished studies. Independent data extraction and quality assessment (Cochrane risk of bias II or ROBINS-I) were conducted by two reviewers.

Smartphone Apps Targeting Physical Activity in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Systematic Quality Appraisal and Content Analysis.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disabling, inflammatory joint condition affecting 0.5%-1% of the global population. Physical activity (PA) and exercise are recommended for people with RA, but uptake and adherence tend to be low.

Men's beliefs about treatment for erectile dysfunction-what influences treatment use? A systematic review.

Successful treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) is associated with improvements in quality of life; however, treatment utilisation is sub-optimal. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the rates of ED treatment utilisation and the barriers and enablers men experience when using treatment. We searched: MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane library; AMED; HMIC; HTA; CINAHL; PsychARTICLES; PsychINFO up to August 2018.