What is the current provision of service for gastrostomy insertion in England?

Background: Significant morbidity and mortality can be associated with gastrostomy insertion, likely influenced by patient selection, indication and aftercare. We aimed to establish what current variation in practice exists and how this has improved by comparison to our previously published British Society of Gastroenterology survey of 2010.

Methods: We approached all National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England (n=198).

Bowel cancer screening workforce survey: developing the endoscopy workforce for 2025 and beyond.

Aim: The demand for bowel cancer screening (BCS) is expected to increase significantly within the next decade. Little is known about the intentions of the workforce required to meet this demand. The Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (JAG), the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) developed the first BCS workforce survey.

Factors contributing to high levothyroxine doses in primary hypothyroidism: an interventional audit of a large community database.

Background: While few hypothyroid patients require more than the expected weight-related dose of levothyroxine, the underlying causes of larger-than-expected dosing requirements have not been studied in a single cohort. Our aim was to determine and quantify the multiple factors contributing to high-dose levothyroxine requirements in a cohort of patients with hypothyroidism.

Methods: The Grampian Automated Follow-Up Register (GAFUR) monitors around 17,500 hypothyroid patients.

High-resolution solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy of the paramagnetic metal-organic frameworks, STAM-1 and HKUST-1.

Solid-state (13)C magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy is used to investigate the structure of the Cu(II)-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), HKUST-1 and STAM-1, and the structural changes occurring within these MOFs upon activation (dehydration). NMR spectroscopy is an attractive technique for the investigation of these materials, owing to its high sensitivity to local structure, without any requirement for longer-range order. However, interactions between nuclei and unpaired electrons in paramagnetic systems (e.

Multifunctional lanthanum tetraphosphonates: flexible, ultramicroporous and proton-conducting hybrid frameworks.

A new flexible ultramicroporous solid, La(H(5)DTMP)·7H(2)O (1), has been crystallized at room temperature using the tetraphosphonic acid H(8)DTMP, hexamethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid). Its crystal structure, solved by synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, is characterised by a 3D pillared open-framework containing 1D channels filled with water. Upon dehydration, a new related crystalline phase, La(H(5)DTMP) (2) is formed.

Protecting group and switchable pore-discriminating adsorption properties of a hydrophilic-hydrophobic metal-organic framework.

Formed by linking metals or metal clusters through organic linkers, metal-organic frameworks are a class of solids with structural and chemical properties that mark them out as candidates for many emerging gas storage, separation, catalysis and biomedical applications. Important features of these materials include their high porosity and their flexibility in response to chemical or physical stimuli. Here, a copper-based metal-organic framework has been prepared in which the starting linker (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) undergoes selective monoesterification during synthesis to produce a solid with two different channel systems, lined by hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, respectively.

BioMOFs: metal-organic frameworks for biological and medical applications.

The class of highly porous materials called metal-organic frameworks offer many opportunities for applications across biology and medicine. Their wide range of chemical composition makes toxicologically acceptable formulation possible, and their high level of functionality enables possible applications as imaging agents and as delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents. The challenges in the area encompass not only the development of new solids but also improvements in the formulation and processing of the materials, including tailoring the morphology and surface chemistry of the frameworks to fit the proposed applications.

Exceptional behavior over the whole adsorption-storage-delivery cycle for NO in porous metal organic frameworks.

Two porous metal organic frameworks (MOFs), [M2(C8H2O6)(H2O)2] x 8 H2O (M = Co, Ni), perform exceptionally well for the adsorption, storage, and water-triggered delivery of the biologically important gas nitric oxide. Adsorption and powder X-ray diffraction studies indicate that each coordinatively unsaturated metal atom in the structure coordinates to one NO molecule. All of the stored gas is available for delivery even after the material has been stored for several months.