Sex differences in rates of obesity in bipolar disorder: postulated mechanisms.

Objective: The increased standardized mortality ratio (SMR) from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with bipolar disorder (BD), relative to men with BD and individuals of both sexes in the general population, provides the impetus to identify factors that contribute to the differential association of obesity with BD in women.

Methods: We conducted a selective PubMed search of English-language articles published from September 1990 to June 2012. The key search terms were bipolar disorder and metabolic syndrome cross-referenced with gender, sex, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

Advancing biomarker research: utilizing 'Big Data' approaches for the characterization and prevention of bipolar disorder.

Objective: To provide a strategic framework for the prevention of bipolar disorder (BD) that incorporates a 'Big Data' approach to risk assessment for BD.

Methods: Computerized databases (e.g.

The effect of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on body weight, metabolic parameters, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology in adults with bipolar I/II disorder.

Objectives: We primarily sought to determine the effect of adjunctive lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) on anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Our secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of LDX on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity in adults with bipolar I/II disorder.

Methods: Forty-five stable adults (i.

The neuroprotective effects of GLP-1: possible treatments for cognitive deficits in individuals with mood disorders.

Incretins are a group of gastrointestinal hormones detected both peripherally and in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have documented multiple effects of incretins on brain structure and function. Research into the neurological effects of incretins has primarily focused on animal models of neurodegenerative disorders (e.

Novel therapeutic targets in depression: minocycline as a candidate treatment.

Mood disorders are marked by high rates of non-recovery, recurrence, and chronicity, which are insufficiently addressed by current therapies. Several patho-etiological models have been proposed that are not mutually exclusive and include but are not limited to the monoamine, inflammatory, neurotrophic, gliotrophic, excitatory, and oxidative stress systems. A derivative of these observations is that treatment(s) which target one or more of these mechanistic steps may be capable of mitigating, or preventing, disparate psychopathological features.

A theoretical framework informing research about the role of stress in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.

Background: The staggering illness burden associated with Bipolar Disorder (BD) invites the need for primary prevention strategies. Before preventative strategies can be considered in individuals during a pre-symptomatic period (i.e.

A review of published evidence reporting on the efficacy and pharmacology of lurasidone.

Introduction: Lurasidone is a benzisothiazol derivative, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the acute treatment of adults with schizophrenia. Lurasidone's binding affinities are highest for the 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(7), and D(2) receptors; with lower and similar binding affinities for the norepinephrine α(2C) and 5-HT(2C) receptor subtypes. It has demonstrated efficacy in fixed-dose studies across a variable dose range (i.