Complicated Odontogenic Sinusitis: Extrasinus Infectious Spread.

Odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) is a common cause of orbital, intracranial, and osseous infectious extrasinus complications. Dental infections can spread to the orbital or intracranial spaces though the sinuses via thrombophlebitis or direct extension, or from the dentition or oral cavity via vascular channels in the maxillary alveolar bone. ODS typically presents with unilateral involvement both clinically and radiographically.

The Adverse Event Landscape of Stem Cell Transplant: Evidence for AGVHD Driving Early Transplant Associated Toxicities.

Although unrelated-donor (URD) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is associated with many toxicities, a detailed analysis of adverse events, as defined by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), has not previously been curated. This represents a major unmet need, especially as it relates to assessing the safety of novel agents. We analyzed a detailed AE database from the "ABA2" randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of abatacept for acute graft-versus-host disease (AGVHD) prevention, for which the FDA mandated a detailed AE assessment through Day +180, and weekly neutrophil and platelet counts through Day +100.

Overlap chronic GVHD is associated with adverse survival outcomes compared to classic chronic GVHD.

Chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGVHD) is divided into two subtypes: classic (absence of acute GVHD features) and overlap cGVHD ('ocGVHD'), in which both chronic and acute GVHD clinical features are present simultaneously. While worse outcomes with ocGVHD have been reported, there are few recent analyses. We performed a secondary analysis of data from the ABA2 trial (N = 185), in which detailed GVHD data were collected prospectively and systematically adjudicated.

A novel phosphorylation site involved in dissociating RAF kinase from the scaffolding protein 14-3-3 and disrupting RAF dimerization.

Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (ARAF, BRAF, CRAF) kinase is central to the MAPK pathway (RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK). Inactive RAF kinase is believed to be monomeric, autoinhibited, and cytosolic, while activated RAF is recruited to the membrane via RAS-GTP, leading to the relief of autoinhibition, phosphorylation of key regulatory sites, and dimerization of RAF protomers. Although it is well known that active and inactive BRAF have differential phosphorylation sites that play a crucial role in regulating BRAF, key details are still missing.

Radiofrequency Neurolysis of the Posterior Nasal Nerve: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Temperature-controlled radiofrequency neurolysis of the posterior nasal nerve (PNN) has been approved for use since 2020. This review synthesized the published data to assess its efficacy for treatment of chronic rhinitis.

Data Sources: Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science.

Notch signaling drives intestinal graft-versus-host disease in mice and nonhuman primates.

Notch signaling promotes T cell pathogenicity and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in mice, with a dominant role for the Delta-like Notch ligand DLL4. To assess whether Notch's effects are evolutionarily conserved and to identify the mechanisms of Notch signaling inhibition, we studied antibody-mediated DLL4 blockade in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model similar to human allo-HCT. Short-term DLL4 blockade improved posttransplant survival with durable protection from gastrointestinal GVHD in particular.

Higher abatacept exposure after transplant decreases acute GVHD risk without increasing adverse events.

In the ABA2 study, the T-cell costimulation blockade agent, abatacept, was safe and effective in preventing acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after unrelated-donor hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), leading to US Food and Drug Administration approval. Here, we performed a determination of abatacept pharmacokinetics (PK), which enabled an examination of how abatacept exposure-response relationships affected clinical outcomes. We performed a population PK analysis of IV abatacept using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling and assessed the association between abatacept exposure and key transplant outcomes.

Unplanned 30-Day ER Visit Rate and Factors Associated With ER Visits After Ambulatory Sinus Surgery.

Background: Emergency room (ER) visits after surgery can be inconvenient and costly to the patient and the healthcare system. Estimates of the 30-day ER visit rate following ambulatory sinus procedures and their risk factors are largely unknown in the literature.

Objective: To determine the 30-day postoperative ER visit rate following ambulatory sinus procedures and the causes and risk factors associated with ER visits.

Human papillomavirus detection in oral rinses and history of tonsillectomy in U.S. adults.

Purpose: This study aims to elucidate any relationship between prior tonsillectomy and the presence of oropharyngeal HPV DNA found in screening mouth rinses.

Materials And Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants between 40 and 69 were included in the study and medical, surgical, and sexual health history were recorded.

Association Between Insurance Type and Outcomes of Reconstructive Head and Neck Cancer Surgery.

Objectives/hypothesis: Although the benefits of expanding health insurance coverage are clear, there are limited studies comparing the different types of insurance. This study aims to determine the association between insurance type and outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing reconstructive surgery in the United States.

Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study of the 2012-2014 National Inpatient Sample.

Phase II Trial of Costimulation Blockade With Abatacept for Prevention of Acute GVHD.

Purpose: Severe (grade 3-4) acute graft-versus-host disease (AGVHD) is a major cause of death after unrelated-donor (URD) hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), resulting in particularly high mortality after HLA-mismatched transplantation. There are no approved agents for AGVHD prevention, underscoring the critical unmet need for novel therapeutics. ABA2 was a phase II trial to rigorously assess safety, efficacy, and immunologic effects of adding T-cell costimulation blockade with abatacept to calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)/methotrexate (MTX)-based GVHD prophylaxis, to test whether abatacept could decrease AGVHD.

Spatiotemporal single-cell profiling reveals that invasive and tissue-resident memory donor CD8 T cells drive gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease.

Organ infiltration by donor T cells is critical to the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in recipients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT). However, deconvoluting the transcriptional programs of newly recruited donor T cells from those of tissue-resident T cells in aGVHD target organs remains a challenge. Here, we combined the serial intravascular staining technique with single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect the tightly connected processes by which donor T cells initially infiltrate tissues and then establish a pathogenic tissue residency program in a rhesus macaque allo-HCT model that develops aGVHD.

SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues.

There is pressing urgency to understand the pathogenesis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus clade 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the disease COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and in concert with host proteases, principally transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), promotes cellular entry. The cell subsets targeted by SARS-CoV-2 in host tissues and the factors that regulate ACE2 expression remain unknown.

Prevalence of Tinnitus and Associated Factors Among Asian Americans: Results From a National Sample.

Objectives: A previous study demonstrated low rates of high-frequency hearing loss and noise exposure among Asian Americans (AAs). This study examined the prevalence of tinnitus and associated factors among AAs using the first nationally representative sample of AAs.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of a national health survey.

Association of Race/Ethnicity, Stage, and Survival in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A SEER Study.

Objective: Survival differences in oral cancer between black and white patients have been reported, but the contributing factors, especially the role of stage, are incompletely understood. Furthermore, the outcomes for Hispanic and Asian patients have been scarcely examined.

Study Design: Retrospective, population-based national study.

Sinus irrigation penetration after balloon sinuplasty vs functional endoscopic sinus surgery in a cadaveric model.

Background: Nasal irrigation is a cornerstone of treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis. The purpose of this study was to quantify irrigation penetration to the sinuses following balloon sinuplasty and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).

Methods: Balloon sinuplasty followed by FESS was performed on 4 cadaver heads.

Supermassive Transfusion: A 15-Year Single Center Experience and Outcomes.

The objective of this study was to determine the survival outcome associated with large-volume blood transfusion after trauma. This was a retrospective study at a Level I trauma center from January 2000 to December 2014 that included trauma patients who received ≥25 units packed red blood cell (pRBC) within the first 24 hours of hospital admission. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions identified risk factors for mortality.

Open Versus Endoscopic Approach for Sinonasal Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Open resection (OR) of sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNM) traditionally has been the gold standard for treatment. However, endoscopic resection (ER) has recently become a surgical alternative. The aim of this study was to compare survival outcomes between OR and ER of SNM.

Evidence for persistence of the SHIV reservoir early after MHC haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Allogeneic transplantation (allo-HCT) has led to the cure of HIV in one individual, raising the question of whether transplantation can eradicate the HIV reservoir. To test this, we here present a model of allo-HCT in SHIV-infected, cART-suppressed nonhuman primates. We infect rhesus macaques with SHIV-1157ipd3N4, suppress them with cART, then transplant them using MHC-haploidentical allogeneic donors during continuous cART.

CD28 blockade controls T cell activation to prevent graft-versus-host disease in primates.

Controlling graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major unmet need in stem cell transplantation, and new, targeted therapies are being actively developed. CD28-CD80/86 costimulation blockade represents a promising strategy, but targeting CD80/CD86 with CTLA4-Ig may be associated with undesired blockade of coinhibitory pathways. In contrast, targeted blockade of CD28 exclusively inhibits T cell costimulation and may more potently prevent GVHD.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Mediated Neurotoxicity in Nonhuman Primates.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of refractory leukemias and lymphomas, but is associated with significant toxicities, namely cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. A major barrier to developing therapeutics to prevent CAR T cell-mediated neurotoxicity is the lack of clinically relevant models. Accordingly, we developed a rhesus macaque (RM) model of neurotoxicity via adoptive transfer of autologous CD20-specific CAR T cells.