Physiologically based modelling of tranexamic acid pharmacokinetics following intravenous, intramuscular, sub-cutaneous and oral administration in healthy volunteers.

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that reduces surgical blood loss and death due to bleeding after trauma and post-partum haemorrhage. Treatment success is dependant on early intervention and rapid systemic exposure to TXA. The requirement for intravenous (IV) administration can in some situations limit accessibility to TXA therapy.

Evaluating the Introduction of an Allied Health Clinical Research Office at a Health Service: Effects on Research Participation, Interest, and Experience of Allied Health Professionals.

Unlabelled: Following the introduction of an allied health clinical research office at a large metropolitan health service, we aimed to measure change in self-reported research participation, interest and experience of allied health professionals.

Methods: Allied health professionals were surveyed using the Research Spider tool in 2015 (n=245), and the results were compared to a similar survey completed in 2007 at the same health service (n=132).

Results: Overall, allied health professionals rated themselves as having "some research interest" and "little research experience," with no significant difference from 2007 to 2015.

Hepatic uptake in the dog: comparison of uptake in hepatocytes and human embryonic kidney cells expressing dog organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B4.

Although the dog is frequently used in pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and drug safety studies, little is known about canine drug transporters. Dog organic anion-transporting polypeptide (Oatp1b4) has recently been cloned (Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 151:393-399, 2010), but the contribution of Oatp1b4 to hepatic uptake has yet to be clarified. This study compares the transport characteristics of dog Oatp1b4 with those of human OATP1B1/1B3 and demonstrates the importance of Oatp1b4 in the uptake of anionic compounds in dog hepatocytes.

Development and evaluation of an allied health research training scheme.

Allied health professionals are increasingly encouraged to utilise clinical research skills within their practice. While undergraduate allied health courses include some training in basic research skills, little is known about the most effective methods of continuing research training into professional life. This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a 12-week allied health research training program, targeting interested clinicians and utilising a mixed approach of group learning and individual mentoring to guide participants through the process of conducting a systematic review of the literature.

Comparative use of isolated hepatocytes and hepatic microsomes for cytochrome P450 inhibition studies: transporter-enzyme interplay.

Accurate assignment of the concentration of victim drug/inhibitor available at the enzyme active site, both in vivo and within an in vitro incubation, is an essential requirement in rationalizing and predicting drug-drug interactions. Inhibitor accumulation within the liver, whether as a result of active transport processes or intracellular binding, may best be accounted for using hepatocytes rather than hepatic microsomes to estimate in vitro inhibitory potency. The aims of this study were to compare K(i) values determined in rat liver microsomes and freshly isolated rat hepatocytes of four cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibitors (clarithromycin, enoxacin, nelfinavir, and saquinavir) with known hepatic transporter involvement and a range of uptake (cell/medium concentration ratios 20-3000) and clearance (10-1200 μl/min/10(6) cells) properties.