Biological Properties, Health Benefits and Semisynthetic Derivatives of Edible Astraeus Mushrooms (Diplocystidiaceae): A Comprehensive Review.

Edible Astraeus mushrooms are known for their nutritional and culinary benefits and potential therapeutic properties. However, more investigation and discussion are still needed to understand their mechanisms of action regarding observed biological activities and thorough chemical analysis of bioactive compounds. This review provides a comprehensive summary and discussion of the bioactive properties and mode of action of Astraeus extracts and their isolated compounds.

Antidiabetic property of fractions and pure compounds from .

Chlorophyll-free fractions of were investigated for glucose uptake and lipid reduction in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. At 25 µg/ml, the acid fraction concentration enhanced glucose uptake by 82%. Basic and neutral fractions at 100 µg/ml enhanced glucose uptake by 82% and 78%, respectively.

Preventing Adipogenesis and Preserving Mitochondria and GLUT-4 Functions by Extracts and Isolated Compounds of Australian .

's secondary metabolites show promise in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related conditions. We previously discovered that methanolic extracts, isolated flavonoids, and cyclitols effectively preserve mitochondria in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In this current work, quantification of lipid droplet levels with Oil Red O assay showed a noticeable decrease in lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.

Bioactive Phytochemicals of .

is native to Western Australia. It has become an introduced and fast-growing plant in other parts of the world due to its ability to adapt to drought, saline and alkaline soils, and hast growing environments. Studies on the bioactivities and phytochemicals of the plant extracts were conducted.

Antihyperglycemic Properties of Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Australian on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Our early work indicated that methanolic extracts from the flowers, leaves, bark, and isolated compounds of exhibited significant antioxidant activities in vitro. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria (mt-ROS) interfered with glucose uptake, metabolism, and its AMPK-dependent pathway, contributing to hyperglycemia and diabetes. This study aimed to screen the ability of these extracts and isolated compounds to attenuate the production of ROS and maintain mitochondrial function via the restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Identification of Phytochemicals in Bioactive Extracts of Growing in Australia.

growing in Australia has not been fully investigated for its bioactive phytochemicals. Sequential polarity-based extraction was employed to provide four different extracts from individual parts of . Bioactive extracts were determined using in vitro antioxidant and yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory assays.

Novel Strategy for Non-Aqueous Bioconjugation of Substituted Phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione Analogues.

A novel 4-[4-(pentafluoro-λ⁶-sulfanyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione () was synthesised as a potential [F]radio-prosthetic group for radiolabelling peptides and proteins via selective bioconjugation with the phenolic side chains of tyrosine residues. Preliminary conjugation tests revealed the rapid hydrolysis of under semi-aqueous conditions; these results led to further investigation into the electronic substituent effects of PTAD derivatives and corresponding hydrolytic stabilities. Five derivatives of with substituents of varying electron donating and withdrawing effects were synthesised for the investigation.

Ergosterol isolated from cloud ear mushroom (Auricularia polytricha) attenuates bisphenol A-induced BV2 microglial cell inflammation.

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been reported to have neurotoxic properties that may increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases by inducing neuroinflammation. Auricularia polytricha (AP) is an edible mushroom with several medicinal properties. Herein, the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of AP extracts against BPA-induced inflammation of BV2 microglial cells were investigated.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of tetrahydroisoquinoline-derived antibacterial compounds.

Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats to modern medicine. Drugs that were once routinely used to treat infections are being rendered ineffective, increasing the demand for novel antibiotics with low potential for resistance. Here we report the synthesis of 18 novel cationic tetrahydroisoquinoline-triazole compounds.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3,5-substituted pyrazoles as possible antibacterial agents.

The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria has increased the need for novel antibiotics to help overcome what may be considered the greatest threat to modern medicine. Here we report the synthesis of fifteen novel 3,5-diaryl-1H- pyrazoles obtained via one-pot cyclic oxidation of a chalcone and hydrazine-monohydrate. The synthesised pyrazoles were then screened against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to determine their antibacterial potential.

An Amine-Borane System Featuring Room-Temperature Dehydrogenation and Regeneration.

Amine-borane complexes have been extensively studied as hydrogen storage materials. Herein, we report a new amine-borane system featuring a reversible dehydrogenation and regeneration at room temperature. In addition to high purity H , the reaction between ethylenediamine bisborane (EDAB) and ethylenediamine (ED) leads to unique boron-carbon-nitrogen 5-membered rings in the dehydrogenation product where one boron is tricoordinated by three nitrogen atoms.

Mushroom-derived bioactive compounds potentially serve as the inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: An approach.

Background And Aim: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now become the world pandemic. There is a race to develop suitable drugs and vaccines for the disease. The anti-HIV protease drugs are currently repurposed for the potential treatment of COVID-19.

Impact of A Cargo-Less Liposomal Formulation on Dietary Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders in Mice.

Current therapeutic options for obesity often require pharmacological intervention with dietary restrictions. Obesity is associated with underlying inflammation due to increased tissue macrophage infiltration, and recent evidence shows that inflammation can drive obesity, creating a feed forward mechanism. Therefore, targeting obesity-induced macrophage infiltration may be an effective way of treating obesity.

Antiproliferative activities of tricyclic amides derived from β-caryophyllene the Ritter reaction against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

A library of novel tricyclic amides has been synthesised the Ritter reaction from β-caryophyllene and its monoepoxy derivative . The compounds were assessed for antiproliferative activities against the aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Of the synthesised compounds, eight were active.

Anti-HIV-1 protease activity of the crude extracts and isolated compounds from Auricularia polytricha.

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR) is an essential enzyme for the HIV replication, and therefore, it is an important target for antiretroviral drugs development, particularly from natural products. Auricularia polytricha (AP) is an edible mushroom with several important therapeutic properties.

Formation of an unexpected 3,3-diphenyl-3-indazole through a facile intramolecular [2 + 3] cycloaddition of the diazo intermediate.

The one-pot reaction of 2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methoxyaniline with -butylnitrite, BTEAC and DABSO in the presence of CuCl provided an unexpected 3-indazole product . The structure of the compound was determined by HRMS, IR, NMR and further confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallises in the triclinic -1 space group, with unit cell parameters = 9.

FtsZ as an Antibacterial Target: Status and Guidelines for Progressing This Avenue.

The disturbing increase in the number of bacterial pathogens that are resistant to multiple, or sometimes all, current antibiotics highlights the desperate need to pursue the discovery and development of novel classes of antibacterials. The wealth of knowledge available about the bacterial cell division machinery has aided target-driven approaches to identify new inhibitor compounds. The main division target being pursued is the highly conserved and essential protein FtsZ.

Antiproliferative activities of alkaloid-like compounds.

Tricyclic alkaloid-like compounds were synthesised in a few steps, the bridging Ritter reaction. The compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against the MCF-7 and the aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The anti-cancer activities of were found to be selective towards the aggressive and more challenging to treat triple negative (MDA-MB-231) cell line while exhibiting no antiproliferative activities towards the MCF-7 cells at the highest concentration tested (50 μM).

Acid-base fractions separated from Streblus asper leaf ethanolic extract exhibited antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and neuroprotective activities.

Background: Streblus asper is a well-known plant native to Southeast Asia. Different parts of the plant have been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes. However, there is very little scientific evidence reporting its therapeutic benefits for potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

A supramolecular self-assembly strategy for upconversion nanoparticle bioconjugation.

An efficient surface modification for upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is reported via supramolecular host-guest self-assembly. Cucurbit[7]uril (CB) can provide a hydrophilic surface and cavities for most biomolecules. High biological efficiency, activity and versatility of the approach enable UCNPs to be significantly applied in bio-imaging, early disease detection, and bio-sensing.

Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of thiosulfinate derivatives for the treatment of human multidrug-resistant breast cancer.

Organosulfur compounds derived from Allium vegetables have long been recognized for various therapeutic effects, including anticancer activity. Allicin, one of the main biologically active components of garlic, shows promise as an anticancer agent; however, instability makes it unsuitable for clinical application. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stabilized allicin derivatives on human breast cancer cells in vitro.

Sulfur - fluorine bond in PET radiochemistry.

The importance of the sulfur-fluorine bond is starting to increase in modern medicinal chemistry literature. This is due to a better understanding of the stability and reactivity of this moiety depending on the various oxidation states of sulfur. Furthermore, several commercial reagents used for mild and selective fluorination of organic molecules are based on the known reactivity of S-F groups.

Targeting microparticle biogenesis: a novel approach to the circumvention of cancer multidrug resistance.

Microparticles (MPs) are released from most eukaryotic cells after the vesiculation of the plasma membrane and serve as vectors of long and short-range signaling. MPs derived from multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells carry molecular components of the donor cell such as nucleic acids and proteins, and can alter the activity of drug-sensitive recipient cells through the transfer of their cargo. Given the substantial role of MPs in the acquisition and dissemination of MDR, we propose that the inhibition of MP release provides a novel therapeutic approach.

Mesoporous MnCo2O4 with a flake-like structure as advanced electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors.

A mesoporous flake-like manganese-cobalt composite oxide (MnCo2O4) is synthesized successfully through the hydrothermal method. The crystalline phase and morphology of the materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller methods. The flake-like MnCo2O4 is evaluated as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries.