High Tibial Osteotomy: An Update for Radiologists.

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a surgical procedure to treat symptomatic unicompartmental osteoarthritis (OA) associated with knee malalignment. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in HTO in patients who prefer joint-preserving surgery because HTO shifts the knee's mechanical axis from the arthritic compartment to a neutral position, thereby reducing knee pain, slowing progression of OA, and delaying the need for a total knee arthroplasty. The ideal candidates for HTO are patients who are young, active, and nonobese who have isolated varus deformity of the knee resulting from medial compartment OA.

The Imaging Spectrum of Synovial Sarcomas: A Pictorial Review From a Single-Centre Tertiary Referral Institution.

Synovial sarcomas are malignant soft-tissue tumors that typically affect young patients. They can arise from nearly anywhere in the body, most commonly the extremities, head and neck, and thorax. The imaging features are highly variable and depend on the anatomic origin.

A randomized clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of rotator cuff repair with or without augmentation using porcine small intestine submucosa for patients with moderate to large rotator cuff tears: a pilot study.

Background: The rate of rotator cuff repair failure is between 13% and 67%. Porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS) may be suitable to augment the repair.

Methods: There were 62 patients with moderate and large cuff tears randomized to repair alone (control) or augmentation with SIS (Restore Orthobiologic Implant; DePuy, Warsaw, IN, USA).

Definition of the lateral bulge deformity after primary cleft lip repair using real-time high-resolution ultrasound.

The lateral bulge is a common secondary deformity after primary cleft lip repair; however, its underlying anatomy remains undefined. The purpose of this study was to use real-time high-resolution ultrasound to better understand the anatomy underlying the lateral bulge deformity. Twenty-three patients with a lateral bulge were included in addition to 12 patients without clefts to validate ultrasound measurements.

Prospective comparison of magnetic resonance angiography with selective renal angiography for living kidney donor assessment.

Objectives: For years, the reference standard in the evaluation of living donor vascular anatomy has been selective renal angiography (SRA). Because of the potential morbidity associated with SRA, we prospectively evaluated magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the assessment of renal donors.

Methods: All patients had SRA and 53 renal units were prospectively evaluated by MRA.

Robotic-assisted left atrial ligation for stroke reduction in chronic atrial fibrillation: a case report.

Patients with atrial fibrillation are at significant risk for sustaining a thromboembolic stroke. More than 90% of thromboemboli form in the left atrial appendage. Ligation of the left atrial appendage to reduce the risk of stroke is often performed in connection with other cardiac surgical procedures.

Ex vivo characterization of articular cartilage and bone lesions in a rabbit ACL transection model of osteoarthritis using MRI and micro-CT.

Objective: To characterize the rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of osteoarthritis (OA) at various stages of disease using high-resolution 3-D medical imaging systems, which, in turn, will facilitate future longitudinal studies evaluating disease progression and response to therapy in live animals.

Methods: Degenerative changes in femorotibial cartilage, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and osteophyte volume were characterized ex vivo using 4-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-ACLT. These changes were subsequently correlated to macroscopic joint evaluation.

High-resolution MRI and micro-CT in an ex vivo rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection model of osteoarthritis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using non-invasive, multi-modality imaging techniques to quantify disease progression in a rabbit model of experimentally induced osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: High-resolution 4-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) techniques were implemented and validated in an ex vivo rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of OA. A three-dimensional (3-D) rigid body registration technique was executed and evaluated to allow combined MR-CT analysis in co-registered image volumes of the knee.

Agreement between magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic evaluation of the shoulder joint in primary anterior dislocation of the shoulder.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging in identifying shoulder pathology in patients with primary traumatic dislocation of the shoulder and to compare these findings with findings at the time of arthroscopic surgery.

Design: Correlation between arthroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging.

Patients: Sixteen patients, aged 18 to 30 years, who were randomized to the surgical arm of a study comparing the effectiveness of immediate arthroscopic surgery with immobilization and rehabilitation for primary traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder, were included in this study.

Posterior ankle arthroscopy: an anatomic study.

Background: Ankle arthroscopy has generally been performed with use of anterior portals with the patient in the supine position. Little has been published on ankle arthroscopy performed with use of posterior portals, particularly with the patient in the prone position. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relative safety and efficacy of ankle arthroscopy with use of posterior portals with the limb in the prone position.