How effective are Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS)? A review.

Objective: Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS) are a data-driven set of management practices for identifying and managing fatigue-related safety risks. This approach also considers sleep and work time, and is based on ongoing risk assessment and monitoring. This narrative review addresses the effectiveness of FRMS, as well as barriers and enablers in the implementation of FRMS.

Drivers adapt - Be prepared for It!

Behavioral adaptation refers to the change in road user behavior in response to new conditions (Kulmala & Rämä, 2013). Behavioral adaptation can improve safety, but it can also reduce or even eliminate anticipated safety benefits of many well-intentioned road safety countermeasures. To expect driver behavior to remain the same after the implementation of a change in the road, vehicle, or driving environment, is naïve.

Cryoneurolysis for the Treatment of Sensory Nerve Pain.

Acute and chronic pain account for high costs both societally and economically, estimated in the United States to be $635 billion. Untreated or undertreated acute pain is associated with substantial morbidity and may become chronic pain. Surgical patients are at an increased risk of long-term opioid use or addiction.

Evaluation of left-turn lane offset using the naturalistic driving study data.

Introduction: The Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2) Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) data were used to evaluate gap acceptance behavior of drivers at left-turn lanes with negative, zero, or positive offsets ranging from -29 ft to +6 ft. The objectives of the study were to develop guidance for the design of offset left-turn lanes used as a safety countermeasure, and to provide insight regarding the use of the NDS data to future users.

Method: The study included 3350 gaps in opposing traffic evaluated by 145 NDS volunteer drivers and 275 non-NDS drivers at 14 two-way stop-controlled intersections and 44 signalized opposing left-turn pairs.

Developing limits for driving under cannabis.

Objective: Development of a rational and enforceable basis for controlling the impact of cannabis use on traffic safety.

Methods: An international working group of experts on issues related to drug use and traffic safety evaluated evidence from experimental and epidemiological research and discussed potential approaches to developing per se limits for cannabis.

Results: In analogy to alcohol, finite (non-zero) per se limits for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in blood appear to be the most effective approach to separating drivers who are impaired by cannabis use from those who are no longer under the influence.

Using simulated investigations for accident investigation studies.

Regardless of the actual causes of particular accidents, it is the causes identified by the analyst that determine what responses are made, and how safety is managed in industry. Past authors have suggested that investigation might be biased, but studies were limited by the lack of similarity to real-world investigation tasks in which investigators must decide what information to acquire as well as analyse and interpret it. A technique was developed to use simulated investigations rather than attribution judgements about causation.

General anesthesia does not impair simulator driving skills in volunteers in the immediate recovery period - a pilot study.

Purpose: The current recommendations to refrain from driving for 24 hr after general anesthesia (GA) lack evidence. Our objective was to measure impairment of driving performance at various time intervals after anesthesia using driving impairment at different blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) as a gold standard for comparison.

Methods: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.