Effects of glycation end-products on the dental pulp in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: This ex vivo study aimed to compare protein expression of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and receptor (RAGE), and the levels of selected genes associated with inflammation and collagen within dental pulp tissue from patients with type 2 (T2D) diabetes and non-T2D.

Methodology: Noncarious extracted permanent molar teeth from patients with well-controlled T2D (n = 19) and non-T2D (controls) (n = 19) were collected and compared. The coronal pulp was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) (n = 10 per group) for anti-AGE and anti-RAGE.

Risk Assessment of Alcohol Consumption for Oral Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Patients Attending the National Cancer Institute (Apeksha Hospital, Maharagama) of Sri Lanka.

Background: Oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) is one of the commonest cancers in Sri Lanka.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the use of alcohol, its duration and consuming pattern in relation to the risk of developing OSCC in patients attending the National Cancer Institute of Sri Lanka.

Methods: A case-control study was carried out on 105 patients with a histologically confirmed primary OSCC and 210 age-sex matched controls.

Diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders: Overview and experience in Oceania.

The diagnosis and management of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) should be the same the world over, but there are important nuances in incidence, aetiological factors, and management opportunities that may lead to differences based on ethnogeography. In this review, we update and discuss current international trends in the classification and diagnosis of OPMD with reference to our experience in various regions in Oceania. Oceania includes the islands of Australia, Melanesia (including Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Micronesia and Polynesia (including New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga) and hence has diverse populations with very different cultures and a range from well-resourced high-population density cities to remote villages.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) as Potential Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Sri Lankan Study.

Background: The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is very high in South Asia and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key factors essential for cancer growth. The importance of VEGF-A and VEGF Receptor 2(VEGFR-2) in oral cancer pathophysiology is yet to be decided. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) is the main factor concerned in angiogenesis in tumors, but its role in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is still debatable.

Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is one of the most widely used protein detection techniques. The principle of this technique is based on the binding of a specific antibody to a matching specific antigen in tissue. The bound antigen-antibody complex then is visualized using a range of detection techniques.

Comparing Two Methods for the Isolation of Exosomes.

Exosomes are membrane-bound nanovesicles released by cells into their extracellular environment. They carry different types of RNA including mRNA which may be useful in the diagnosis of various diseases. Exosome isolation has been a challenge because of their small size; therefore, two exosome isolation methods were compared in this study.

The Risk of Oral Cancer among Different Categories of Exposure to Tobacco Smoking in Sri Lanka.

Background: The global incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is on the rise with no improvement seen in survival rates. Tobacco consumption varies depending on geographic location, ethnicity and culture. The present case-controlled study aimed to determine the relative risk of OSCC for different tobacco consumption patterns in a selected Sri Lankan population.

Potentiality and Inflammatory Marker Expression Are Maintained in Dental Pulp Cell Cultures from Carious Teeth.

Objectives: This investigation aimed to isolate and culture human dental pulp cells from carious teeth (cHDPCs) and compare their growth characteristics, colony-forming efficiency, mineralization potential and gene expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR)-2, TLR-4, TLR-9, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, 1L-17R, IL-23A, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK1), dentin matrix protein (DMP)-1, dentin sialophospho protein (DSPP), sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) and marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKi67) with cells isolated from healthy or non-carious teeth (ncHDPCs).

Methods: Pulp tissues were obtained from both healthy and carious teeth (n = 5, each) to generate primary cell lines using the explant culture technique. Cell cultures studies were undertaken by generating growth curves, a colony forming unit and a mineralization assay analysis.

Review of taste and taste disturbance in COVID-19 patients.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has become a significant global public health concern. The virus gains entry to cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors, which have been found to be the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. High expression of ACE2 is found in type II alveolar cells, macrophages, bronchial and tracheal epithelial cells and in the oral cavity, particularly on the tongue.

Type 2 diabetes and the clinically normal pulp: An in vitro study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on clinically normal dental pulp tissue by using special stains and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine the morphology of the coronal pulp and distribution of immune markers in non-T2D and T2D groups.

Methodology: Ethics approval for this in vitro pilot study was obtained from the University of Otago Human Ethics Committee (16/069). Twenty extracted permanent molar teeth diagnosed as having clinically normal pulp status were collected.

Effects of galectin-1 inhibitor OTX008 on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro and the role of AP-1 and the MAPK/ERK pathway.

Objective: To investigate the in vitro effects of inhibiting galectin-1 using the small-molecule inhibitor OTX008 on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines and the role of the MAPK pathway.

Methods: One normal oral keratinocyte (NOK) and three OSCC cell lines were cultured in vitro and the expression of galectin-1 protein by each quantified using ELISA. Cell lines were treated with galectin-1 (50, 100 and 150 ng/mL) or OTX008 (12.

Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence expression profile of lymphatic endothelial cell markers in oral cancer.

Lymphangiogenesis makes an important contribution to the tumour microenvironment (TME), but little is known about this in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens (28 OSCC, 10 inflamed and 6 normal oral mucosa controls) were processed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with antibodies against lymphatic markers D2-40 (podoplanin), LYVE-1, VEGFR3 and Prox1. After the endothelial cells had been highlighted by the various markers for lymphatic endothelium, the positive stained cells and vessels were identified and counted in a systematic manner to determine microvessel density.

Tobacco Use and Oral Health.

This review outlines the important oral implications of tobacco use. The lining of the mouth (oral mucosa), if exposed to tobacco and its products in a susceptible individual, can develop benign, potentially malignant, and malignant tumours. Treatment and prognosis depend on tumour type, how early it is detected, its size and site in the oral cavity and whether it has spread.

The influence of conventional T MRI indices in predicting who will walk outside one year after spinal cord injury.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indices of spinal cord damage are predictive of future motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI): hyperintensity length, midsagittal tissue bridges, and Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC) scores. Whether these indices are predictive of outdoor walking after SCI is unknown. The primary purpose was to see if these MRI indices predict the ability to walk outdoors one-year after SCI.

Titanium particles: An emerging risk factor for peri-implant bone loss.

Objective: To investigate the presence of titanium particles in peri-implant tissues in cases diagnosed with peri-implantitis, and to identify immunological reactions that these particles may elicit.

Methods: Ten peri-implant tissue biopsies of patients diagnosed clinically and radiographically with peri-implantitis were obtained from the archives of Oral Pathology Centre, University of Otago. The inclusion criteria involves: bleeding on probing, ≥6 mm probing depth and ≥3 mm radiographic bone loss around the dental implant.

Working together in clinical pathology: An interprofessional education initiative for dentistry, oral health, and medical laboratory science teachers and students.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. .

Malignant transformation in oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions: a 14-year longitudinal retrospective cohort study of 829 patients in New Zealand.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the rate of malignant transformation in a longitudinal cohort of patients with oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesion (OLP/OLL) and to assess the associations between clinicopathologic aspects and malignant transformation.

Study Design: Data were taken from the records of 829 patients histologically diagnosed with OLP/OLL in the years 2005 to 2018.

Results: Of the study patients, 548 (66.

Vascularity and Angiogenic Signaling in the Dentine-Pulp Complex of Immature and Mature Permanent Teeth.

Unlabelled: ABSTRACT.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the protein and gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins-1 and 2 in tissue from healthy and inflamed dental pulps.

Methods: Permanent teeth with pulps diagnosed as healthy or reversible pulpitis were used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene expression experiments.

The relative frequency of paediatric oral and maxillofacial pathology in New Zealand: A 10-year review of a national specialist centre.

Background: There has been no previous report of the prevalence of paediatric oral and maxillofacial pathology in a New Zealand oral pathology diagnostic service.

Aim: The aim of this study was to review cases of paediatric oral pathology to determine relative frequencies of oral lesions in this age group.

Design: Paediatric oral pathology cases (≤15 years of age) received between 2007 and 2016 were retrieved from the electronic database of the Oral Pathology Centre, University of Otago.

Assessment of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression at the invading front of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Accurate prediction of the behaviour of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is necessary to determine prognosis and provide appropriate treatment. Therefore, it is important to investigate potential prognostic markers to determine their predictive ability. Histological assessment of specific features at the invading front of oral squamous cell carcinomas has shown to provide accurate and reproducible prognostic information.

Tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress up-regulates tumour-promoting cytokines in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aims: Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 lies at the convergence point of key pathways involved in many malignancies including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the unfolded protein response have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of different cancers by influencing key cellular processes such as apoptosis. We investigated the differential expression of STAT3 pathway-related genes and proteins under ERS in OSCC.

Yeast Species in the Oral Cavities of Older People: A Comparison between People Living in Their Own Homes and Those in Rest Homes.

Oral candidiasis is prevalent among older people due to predisposing factors such as impaired immune defenses, medications and denture use. An increasing number of older people live in rest home facilities and it is unclear how this institutionalized living affects the quantity and type of fungi colonizing these people's oral cavities. Smears and swabs of the palate and tongue and saliva samples were taken from participants residing in rest homes (RH; = 20) and older people living in their own homes (OH; = 20).

Vascularity and VEGF/VEGFR2 Signaling in the Dentine-Pulp Complex of Immature and Mature Permanent Teeth.

Objective: To examine the microvessel density (MVD) and spatial distribution of endothelial cells and angiogenic activity in immature and mature permanent teeth using immunohistochemistry.

Methods: Healthy third molars with immature and mature root development were formalin-fixed, decalcified in 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and processed for routine immunohistochemistry with endothelial cell markers anti-CD34 and anti-CD146 and angiogenic markers anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2). Staining was visualized with diaminobenzidine and examined using light microscopy.