Incidence of febrile post-procedural urinary tract infection following voiding cystourethrography in children without prior urine culture.

Purpose: Post-procedural urinary tract infections (ppUTIs) following voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) vary widely, with rates from 0 to 42%, though recent studies suggest rates typically below 5%. Verifying urine sterility before VCUG is traditionally done but questioned. This study assessed the 7-day ppUTI rate post-VCUG without prior urine sterility confirmation and identified associated risk factors.

Transfontanellar shear wave elastography of the neonatal brain for quantitative evaluation of white matter damage.

Cerebral white matter damage (WMD) is the most frequent brain lesion observed in infants surviving premature birth. Qualitative B-mode cranial ultrasound (cUS) is widely used to assess brain integrity at bedside. Its limitations include lower discriminatory power to predict long-term outcomes compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Analysis of MRI brain biometrics in fetuses monitored for intra uterine growth restriction and their prognostic value: Results of a prospective multicenter study.

Objective: Show a prognostic value of brain changes in fetuses with intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR) on early neonatal outcome.

Study Design: We prospectively recruited pregnant women whose fetuses presented fetal weight < 5th centile. A brain MRI was performed between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation (WG).

Association between Portal Vein Thrombosis after Umbilical Vein Catheterization and Neonatal Asphyxia.

Introduction: Neonatal portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is frequently related to umbilical venous catheterization (UVC), but risk factors remain unclear. This study aims to analyze the variables associated to PVT in near- to full-term newborns with UVC, with a focus on newborns exposed to controlled therapeutic hypothermia (CTH) for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Methods: This is retrospective cohort study of infants delivered at or after 36 weeks and with a birthweight over 1,500 g.

Quantification of brain-wide vascular resistivity via ultrafast Doppler in human neonates helps early detection of white matter injury.

Preterm birth is associated with cerebrovascular development disruption and can induce white matter injuries (WMI). Transfontanellar ultrasound Doppler is the most widely used clinical imaging technique to monitor neonatal cerebral vascularisation and haemodynamics based on vascular indexes such as the resistivity index (RI); however, it has poor predictive value for brain damage. Indeed, these RI measurements are currently limited to large vessels, leading to a very limited probing of the brain's vascularisation, which may hinder prognosis.

Hepatocytes undergo punctuated expansion dynamics from a periportal stem cell niche in normal human liver.

Background & Aims: While normal human liver is thought to be generally quiescent, clonal hepatocyte expansions have been observed, though neither their cellular source nor their expansion dynamics have been determined. Knowing the hepatocyte cell of origin, and their subsequent dynamics and trajectory within the human liver will provide an important basis to understand disease-associated dysregulation.

Methods: Herein, we use in vivo lineage tracing and methylation sequence analysis to demonstrate normal human hepatocyte ancestry.

Renal vein thrombosis in neonates: a case series of diagnosis, treatment and childhood kidney function follow-up.

Background: Neonatal renal vein thrombosis (NRVT) is a rare condition with little data available.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed newborns diagnosed with NRVT admitted to 3 pediatric nephrology units in Paris from 2005 to 2020.

Results: Twenty-seven patients were analyzed (male = 59%).

The monthly incidence of abusive head trauma, inflicted skeletal trauma, and unexplained skin lesion in children in six French university hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic was a stressful period. Lockdowns may have added to parental difficulty leading to an increase in violence. This study aimed to compare the monthly incidence of high suspicion of child physical abuse before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Recurrent de novo mutations in CLDN5 induce an anion-selective blood-brain barrier and alternating hemiplegia.

Claudin-5 is the most enriched tight junction protein at the blood-brain barrier. Perturbations in its levels of expression have been observed across numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions; however, pathogenic variants in the coding sequence of the gene have never been reported previously. Here, we report the identification of a novel de novo mutation (c.

Evolution of Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Disease in Children With Sickle Cell Anemia.

Background: Cerebral arteriopathy in patients with sickle cell anemia mainly affects the intracranial anterior circulation. However, the extracranial internal carotid artery (eICA) can also be stenosed and responsible for ischemic lesions. In children with sickle cell anemia, we perform routine annual Doppler ultrasound assessment of the eICA and magnetic resonance imaging with 3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography of the Willis circle and neck arteries in those with abnormal velocity.

Advanced Brain Imaging in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review of Microstructural and Connectomic Disruption.

Preterm birth disrupts the in utero environment, preventing the brain from fully developing, thereby causing later cognitive and behavioral disorders. Such cerebral alteration occurs beneath an anatomical scale, and is therefore undetectable by conventional imagery. Prematurity impairs the microstructure and thus the histological process responsible for the maturation, including the myelination.

Ovarian torsion: diagnosis, surgery, and fertility preservation in the pediatric population.

Ovarian torsion is rare in the pediatric population. Delayed diagnosis can significantly impact fertility. The aim of this review is to highlight current knowledge regarding clinical presentation, diagnosis, surgical management, and follow-up in the pediatric population.

Cerebral injuries in neonatal encephalopathy treated with hypothermia: French LyTONEPAL cohort.

Background: Hypothermia is widely used for infants with hypoxic-ischemic neonatal encephalopathy but its impact remains poorly described at a population level. We aimed to describe brain imaging in infants born at ≥36 weeks' gestation, with moderate/severe encephalopathy treated with hypothermia.

Methods: Descriptive analysis of brain MRI and discharge neurological examination for infants included in the French national multicentric prospective observational cohort LyTONEPAL.

Diverse community leaders' perspectives about quality primary healthcare and healthcare measurement: Qualitative community-based participatory research.

Background: Healthcare quality measurements in the United States illustrate disparities by racial/ethnic group, socio-economic class, and geographic location. Redressing healthcare inequities, including measurement of and reimbursement for healthcare quality, requires partnering with communities historically excluded from decision-making. Quality healthcare is measured according to insurers, professional organizations and government agencies, with little input from diverse communities.

Enlargement of the Optic Chiasm: A Novel Imaging Finding in Glutaric Aciduria Type 1.

Patients with glutaric aciduria type 1, without early diagnosis and initiation of preventive treatment, often develop movement disorders and various degrees of motor disability due to striatal area-specific damage induced by an acute episode of metabolic decompensation. The neuroimaging phenotype of patients with glutaric aciduria type 1 includes characteristic cyst-like bilateral enlargement of the Sylvian fissures and anterior subarachnoid spaces and signal abnormalities including supratentorial white matter and deep gray matter structure T2 hyperintensities, frequently associated with restricted diffusion. In this retrospective study, we add to the neuroimaging spectrum of glutaric aciduria type 1, a novel imaging finding present regardless of a previous metabolic crisis: the enlargement of the optic chiasm associated with signal abnormalities in the anterior intracranial visual structures observed in 6 of 10 patients.

Bone Health in Pediatric Patients With Crohn Disease.

Objective: The aim of our study was to examine longitudinal changes in bone mineral density (BMD) of children and adolescents with Crohn disease (CD), and risk factors related to low BMD.

Patients And Methods: All patients ages from 2 to 18 years with CD who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at diagnosis and at the end of follow-up between 1999 and 2018 were considered for inclusion in this retrospective study. Factors related to changes in BMD at diagnosis and during follow-up were investigated.

One Year of GH Treatment for Growth Failure in Children With Anorexia Nervosa: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Context: Children with anorexia nervosa (AN) are at risk of adult height deficit due to prolonged low height velocity (HV).

Objective: To investigate the effects of human growth hormone (GH) injections on HV in children with AN and severe growth impairment.

Design And Participants: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center, proof-of-concept trial, children with AN and low HV (≤2 cm/year) for at least 18 months, and a bone age ≤12 years for girls and ≤14 years for boys, were randomized to receive daily subcutaneous injections of human GH (0.