A randomized trial of oral gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) or the combination of GABA with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) on pancreatic islet endocrine function in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

Gamma aminobutyric acid(GABA) is synthesized by glutamate decarboxylase(GAD) in β-cells. Regarding Type 1 diabetes(T1D), animal/islet-cell studies found that GABA promotes insulin secretion, inhibits α-cell glucagon and dampens immune inflammation, while GAD immunization may also preserve β-cells. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral GABA alone, or combination GABA with GAD, on the preservation of residual insulin secretion in recent-onset T1D.

Proinsulin to C-Peptide Ratio in the First Year After Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: The proinsulin to C-peptide (PI:C) ratio is reputedly a biomarker of β-cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Objective: This study examined the natural history of the PI:C ratio and its correlation with residual β-cell function in childhood new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). Over the first year of T1D, the temporal trend in fasting and nutrient-stimulated PI data is limited.

Etiologies, trends, and predictors of 30-day pediatric readmissions after hospitalizations for diabetic ketoacidosis in the United States.

Objective: To determine the causes, predictors, and trends of 30-day readmissions following hospitalizations for pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the United States (US) from 2010 to 2014.

Research Design And Methods: We used International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, Clinical Modification codes to identify children with DKA aged 2 to 18 years from the National Readmission Database in the US. Patients who had readmission within 30 days after an index admission for DKA were included in the study.

A 26-week, randomized trial of insulin detemir versus NPH insulin in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes (iDEAt2).

Unlabelled: There are limited studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of treatments in young people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study compared the efficacy and safety of insulin detemir versus neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, both in combination with metformin and lifestyle intervention, in children and adolescents with T2D. This randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial recruited patients (n = 42) aged 10-17 years diagnosed with T2D already receiving metformin ± other oral antidiabetic drugs ± basal insulin.

Antimüllerian hormone as a measure of reproductive function in female childhood cancer survivors.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of measuring antimüllerian hormone (AMH) in childhood cancer survivors to assess ovarian reserve, pubertal status, and fertility potential.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Academic medical center.