Game-Based Learning in Neuroscience: Key Terminology, Literature Survey, and How To Guide to Create a Serious Game.

Game-based learning (GBL) has emerged as a promising approach to engage students and promote deep learning in a variety of educational settings. Neurology and neuroscience are complex fields that require an understanding of intricate neural structures and their functional roles. GBL can support the acquisition and application of such knowledge.

The Auxiliary to the American Academy of Neurology.

The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) was founded in 1948, and the Women's Auxiliary to the AAN was founded shortly thereafter. We reviewed historical archives of the AAN and Women's Auxiliary and interviewed past Auxiliary leaders to understand the perception and roles of neurologists' spouses. The Women's Auxiliary to the AAN was originally formed for the wives of neurologist Academy members with the intention of facilitating social and intragroup relationships.

Immunotherapy responsiveness and risk of relapse in Down syndrome regression disorder.

Down syndrome regression disorder (DSRD) is a clinical symptom cluster consisting of neuropsychiatric regression without an identifiable cause. This study evaluated the clinical effectiveness of IVIg and evaluated clinical characteristics associated with relapse after therapy discontinuation. A prospective, multi-center, non-randomized, observational study was performed.

Evidence of neuroinflammation and immunotherapy responsiveness in individuals with down syndrome regression disorder.

Background: Down syndrome regression disorder is a symptom cluster consisting of neuropsychiatric regression without cause. This study evaluated the incidence of neurodiagnostic abnormalities in individuals with Down syndrome regression disorder and determined if abnormalities are indicative of responses to therapeutic intervention.

Methods: A retrospective, multi-center, case-control study was performed.

Mast cell activation and neutrophil recruitment promotes early and robust inflammation in the meninges in EAE.

The meninges are often considered inert tissues that house the CSF and provide protection for the brain and spinal cord. Yet emerging data demonstrates that they are also active sites of immune responses. Furthermore, the blood-CSF barrier surrounding meningeal blood vessels, together with the blood-brain barrier (BBB), is postulated to serve as a gateway for the pathological infiltration of immune cells into the CNS in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Meningeal mast cells affect early T cell central nervous system infiltration and blood-brain barrier integrity through TNF: a role for neutrophil recruitment?

Mast cells contribute to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a rodent model of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. Yet their site and mode of action is unknown. In both diseases, myelin-specific T cells are initially activated in peripheral lymphoid organs.

The multitasking mast cell: positive and negative roles in the progression of autoimmunity.

Among the potential outcomes of an aberrantly functioning immune system are allergic disease and autoimmunity. Although it has been assumed that the underlying mechanisms mediating these conditions are completely different, recent evidence shows that mast cells provide a common link. Mast cells reside in most tissues, are particularly prevalent at sites of Ag entry, and act as sentinel cells of the immune system.