A distinct parabrachial-to-lateral hypothalamus circuit for motivational suppression of feeding by nociception.

The motivation to eat is not only shaped by nutrition but also competed by external stimuli including pain. How the mouse hypothalamus, the feeding regulation center, integrates nociceptive inputs to modulate feeding is unclear. Within the key nociception relay center parabrachial nucleus (PBN), we demonstrated that neurons projecting to the lateral hypothalamus (PBN) are nociceptive yet distinct from danger-encoding central amygdala-projecting (PBN) neurons.

Regulation of feeding by somatostatin neurons in the tuberal nucleus.

The tuberal nucleus (TN) is a surprisingly understudied brain region. We found that somatostatin (SST) neurons in the TN, which is known to exhibit pathological or cytological changes in human neurodegenerative diseases, play a crucial role in regulating feeding in mice. GABAergic tuberal SST (SST) neurons were activated by hunger and by the hunger hormone, ghrelin.

Fifteen-year outcome of endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft for "isolated" anterior cruciate ligament tear.

Background: Few studies report the long-term results of anterior cruciate ligament rupture and single-incision endoscopic reconstructive surgery. Outcomes are often clouded by concomitant meniscal, chondral, or ligament injuries.

Purpose: To determine the 15-year outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures treated with endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using middle-third patellar tendon autograft.

Long-term survival of high tibial osteotomy for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee.

Background: The management of degenerative arthritis of the knee in the younger, active patient presents a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. Surgical treatment options include high tibial osteotomy (HTO), unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, and total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: To examine the long-term survival of closing wedge HTO in a large series of patients up to 19 years after surgery.

Influence of platelet-derived growth factor on lens epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation.

The expression pattern of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor suggest a role in lens cell proliferation. PDGF is strongly expressed in the iris and ciliary body, situated opposite the proliferative cells of the lens epithelium which express the PDGF-alpha receptor. In this study, using lens epithelial explant cultures, we report that PDGF can induce a dose and time dependent increase in lens cell DNA synthesis.