Rehabilitation following extra-articular proximal phalangeal fractures of the fingers in adults: a scoping review.

Introduction: Proximal phalangeal fractures are common and can have a significant impact on hand function. Therefore, it is important to optimise post-operative rehabilitation. A scoping review was undertaken to map the existing evidence on rehabilitation of proximal phalangeal fractures of the fingers in adults.

A Systematic Review of the 2016 National Academy of Engineering Exemplary Ethics Programs: Revisions to a Coding Framework.

Engineering ethics is a required aspect of accredited ABET programs, but there is widespread variation in how ethics is taught, to what ends, and how those ends are assessed. This variation makes it challenging to identify practices for teaching ethics to engineers aligned with extant practices in the field. In this study, we revise a recent coding framework by reviewing exemplary engineering ethics programs recognized by the National Academy of Engineering in 2016, or what we refer to as "exemplars.

Dengue Outbreak Response during COVID-19 Pandemic, Key Largo, Florida, USA, 2020.

We report a dengue outbreak in Key Largo, Florida, USA, from February through August 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Successful community engagement resulted in 61% of case-patients self-reporting. We also describe COVID-19 pandemic effects on the dengue outbreak investigation and the need to increase clinician awareness of dengue testing recommendations.

Rapid Deployment of Whole Slide Imaging for Primary Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology at Stanford Medicine: Responding to Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Context.—: Stanford Pathology began stepwise subspecialty implementation of whole slide imaging (WSI) in 2018 soon after the first US Food and Drug Administration approval. In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services waived the requirement for pathologists to perform diagnostic tests in Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-licensed facilities.

Community Assessment for Mental and Physical Health Effects After Hurricane Irma - Florida Keys, May 2019.

Disasters can adversely affect population health, resulting in increased need for health services. Hurricane Irma made landfall in the Florida Keys (Monroe County) as a Category 4 hurricane on September 10, 2017. The hurricane caused substantial damage to 65% of homes and resulted in 40 persons injured and 17 deaths from hurricane-related causes.

Building an electronic health record integrated quality of life outcomes registry for spine surgery.

Objective: Demonstrating the value of spine care requires adequate outcomes assessment. Long-term outcomes are best measured as overall improvement in quality of life (QOL) after surgical intervention. Present registries often require parallel data entry, introducing inefficiencies and limiting compliance.

Supplementation of diet with krill oil protects against experimental rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Although the efficacy of standard fish oil has been the subject of research in arthritis, the effect of krill oil in this disease has yet to be investigated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate a standardised preparation of krill oil and fish oil in an animal model for arthritis.

Methods: Collagen-induced arthritis susceptible DBA/1 mice were provided ad libitum access to a control diet or diets supplemented with either krill oil or fish oil throughout the study.

Regulation of gene expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae by response regulator 09 is strain dependent.

Recent murine studies have demonstrated that the role of response regulator 09 (RR09) of Streptococcus pneumoniae in virulence is different in different strains. In the present study, we used a murine pneumonia model of infection to assess the virulence of a TIGR4 rr09 mutant, and we found that TIGR4Deltarr09 was attenuated after intranasal infection. Furthermore, we investigated the in vitro transcriptional changes in pneumococcal rr09 mutants of two strains, D39 and TIGR4, by microarray analysis.

Reflections on the constraints and opportunities in therapy in Rett syndrome.

More than 20 years of clinical and research experience with affected people in the British Isles has provided insight into particular challenges for therapists, educators, or parents wishing to facilitate learning and to support the development of skills in people with Rett syndrome. This paper considers the challenges in two groups: those due to constraints imposed by the disabilities associated with the disorder and those stemming from the opportunities, often masked by the disorder, allowing the development of skills that depend on less-affected areas of the brain. Because the disorder interferes with the synaptic links between neurones, the functions of the brain that are most dependent on complex neural networks are the most profoundly affected.

The contribution of PspC to pneumococcal virulence varies between strains and is accomplished by both complement evasion and complement-independent mechanisms.

Pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) is a virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae previously shown to play a role in bacterial adherence, invasion, and evasion of complement. We investigated the role of this protein in our murine models of pneumococcal pneumonia with different pneumococcal strains. The deletion of pspC in strains of serotypes 2, 3, and 19F did not significantly alter host survival times in the pneumonia model.

Increased skewing of X chromosome inactivation in Rett syndrome patients and their mothers.

Rett syndrome is a largely sporadic, X-linked neurological disorder with a characteristic phenotype, but which exhibits substantial phenotypic variability. This variability has been partly attributed to an effect of X chromosome inactivation (XCI). There have been conflicting reports regarding incidence of skewed X inactivation in Rett syndrome.

NTNG1 mutations are a rare cause of Rett syndrome.

A translocation that disrupted the netrin G1 gene (NTNG1) was recently reported in a patient with the early seizure variant of Rett syndrome (RTT). The netrin G1 protein (NTNG1) has an important role in the developing central nervous system, particularly in axonal guidance, signalling and NMDA receptor function and was a good candidate gene for RTT. We recruited 115 patients with RTT (females: 25 classic and 84 atypical; 6 males) but no mutation in the MECP2 gene.

Identification of invasive serotype 1 pneumococcal isolates that express nonhemolytic pneumolysin.

Recently, there has been an increase in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae throughout Europe. Serotype 1 IPD is associated with bacteremia and pneumonia in Europe and North America, especially in neonates, and is ranked among the top five most prevalent pneumococcal serotypes in at least 10 countries. The currently licensed pediatric pneumococcal vaccine does not afford protection to this serotype.

Construction and immunological characterization of a novel nontoxic protective pneumolysin mutant for use in future pneumococcal vaccines.

Pneumolysin, the pore-forming toxin produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae, may have an application as an immunogenic carrier protein in future pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Most of the 90 S. pneumoniae serotypes identified produce pneumolysin; therefore, this protein may confer non-serotype-specific protection against pneumococcal infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media.

Abnormal general movements in girls with Rett disorder: the first four months of life.

An apparently normal early development was one of the initial criteria for classical Rett syndrome. However, several investigators considered Rett syndrome to be a developmental disorder manifesting very soon after birth. Videos of 14 infants with Rett disorder were carefully assessed for their spontaneous movements, in particular general movements (GMs), during the first 4 months of life.

Predictive value of the early clinical signs in Rett disorder.

The British Isles Survey for Rett has registered 1,159 cases over up to 20 years. Indicators of health and severity, recorded at intervals throughout life, are drawn from clinical examinations, reports and postal questionnaires. This study aimed to establish the stability and predictive value of an early severity score based on muscle tone, locomotor ability, feeding difficulty, scoliosis and epilepsy.

Dimensional phenotypic analysis and functional categorisation of mutations reveal novel genotype-phenotype associations in Rett syndrome.

We aimed to improve the understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations in Rett syndrome (RS) by adopting a novel approach to categorising phenotypic dimensions - separating typicality of presentation, outcome severity and age of onset - and by classifying MECP2 mutations strictly by predicted functional attributes. MECP2 mutation screening results were available on 190 patients with a clinical diagnosis of RS (140 cases with classic RS, 50 with atypical RS). 135 cases had identified mutations.

p.R270X MECP2 mutation and mortality in Rett syndrome.

Among cases in the Australian Rett Syndrome Database, the nonsense mutation p.R270X is one of the most commonly occurring single pathogenic MECP2 mutations. In two recent published reports of the MECP2 mutational spectrum the p.

Early onset seizures and Rett-like features associated with mutations in CDKL5.

Mutations in the CDKL5 gene (also known as STK9) have recently been shown to cause early onset epilepsy and severe mental retardation (ISSX or West syndrome). Patients with CDKL5 mutations sometimes also show features similar to those seen in Rett Syndrome (RTT). We have screened the CDKL5 gene in 94 patients with RTT or a RTT-like phenotype who had tested negative for MECP2 mutations (13 classical RTT female subjects, 25 atypical RTT female subjects, 40 RTT-like female and 16 RTT-like male subjects; 33 of the patients had early onset seizures).

Innate immune defense against pneumococcal pneumonia requires pulmonary complement component C3.

Complement is known to be involved in protection against systemic infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, less is known about effects of complement within the lungs during pneumococcal pneumonia. By intranasally infecting transgenic mice unable to express complement C3, we investigated the role of complement in pulmonary defenses against S.

Identification of a detrimental role for NK cells in pneumococcal pneumonia and sepsis in immunocompromised hosts.

Gram-positive sepsis is a major disease problem. However, the contribution of various immune cell types to pathogenesis remains unclear. By infecting scid and wild type BALB/c mice with Streptococcus pneumoniae we have found a situation in which natural killer (NK) cells can play a detrimental role in the response to infection.