The Effect of Age and Sex on Early Postoperative Outcomes after Surgical Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures.

We aim to evaluate the impact of advanced age and sex on postoperative complications and radiographic outcomes after open reduction with internal fixation of distal radius fractures (DRF). We conducted a retrospective chart review, including all patients who underwent open reduction with internal fixation of a DRF between 2012 and 2018 at a single level 1 trauma centre. We recorded patient age, sex, fracture classification (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association [AO/OTA]), time from injury to surgical date, surgical duration, diabetes status, tobacco use, illicit drug use, history of osteoporosis, use of adjuvants, fixation type, postoperative radiographic restoration of normal parameters and early complications including loss of reduction within 30 days postoperatively.

Non-invasive mapping of human placenta microenvironments throughout pregnancy with diffusion-relaxation MRI.

Introduction: In-vivo measurements of placental structure and function have the potential to improve prediction, diagnosis, and treatment planning for a wide range of pregnancy complications, such as fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia, and hence inform clinical decision making, ultimately improving patient outcomes. MRI is emerging as a technique with increased sensitivity to placental structure and function compared to the current clinical standard, ultrasound.

Methods: We demonstrate and evaluate a combined diffusion-relaxation MRI acquisition and analysis pipeline on a sizable cohort of 78 normal pregnancies with gestational ages ranging from 15 + 5 to 38 + 4 weeks.

Headache relief 10 years after cervical disc arthroplasty: multicenter randomized clinical trial post hoc analysis.

Objective: Headache relief after anterior cervical spine surgery has been reported. No study, however, has followed patients out to 10 years to assess the durability of headache improvement. The authors analyzed a group of patients with a 10-year follow-up after one- or two-level cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) from an FDA investigational device exemption (IDE) study.

Characterisation of placental, fetal brain and maternal cardiac structure and function in pre-eclampsia using MRI.

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a multiorgan disease of pregnancy that has short- and long-term implications for the woman and fetus, whose immediate impact is poorly understood. We present a novel multi-system approach to MRI investigation of pre-eclampsia, with acquisition of maternal cardiac, placental, and fetal brain anatomical and functional imaging.

Methods: A prospective study was carried out recruiting pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension, or no medical complications, and a non-pregnant female cohort.

Narrative review of current neuromodulation modalities for spinal cord injury.

Neuromodulation is a developing field of medicine that includes a vast array of minimally invasive and non-invasive therapies including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), peripheral nerve stimulation, and spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Although the current literature surrounding the use of neuromodulation in managing chronic pain is abundant, there is an insufficient amount of evidence specifically regarding neuromodulation in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Given the pain and functional deficits that these patients face, that are not amenable to other forms conservative therapy, the purpose of this narrative review is to examine and assess the use of various neuromodulation modalities to manage pain and restore function in the SCI population.

Rhombencephalitis in Pregnancy-A Challenging Case of Probable Infection.

Rhombencephalitis refers to inflammation of the brainstem and cerebellum, and can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders or paraneoplastic syndromes. The most common infective cause is the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria monocytogenes is the predominant species to cause human listeriosis, and is commonly due to the ingestion of contaminated foods.

The Awake Craniotomy: A Patient's Experience and A Literature Review.

We present a case report and a literature review of the awake craniotomy procedure for mass resection, with emphasis on the historical aspects, anatomical and surgical considerations, and, uniquely, a patient's experience undergoing this procedure. This procedure is a safe and effective method for lesion resection when working in and around eloquent brain. We have described our process of guiding a patient through an awake craniotomy procedure and detailed the patient's experience in this study.

Cardiac and placental imaging (CARP) in pregnancy to assess aetiology of preeclampsia.

Introduction: The CARP study aims to investigate placental function, cardiac function and fetal growth comprehensively during pregnancy, a time of maximal cardiac stress, to work towards disentangling the complex cardiac and placental interactions presenting in the aetiology of pre-eclampsia as well as predicting maternal Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk in later life.

Background: The involvement of the cardiovascular system in pre-eclampsia, one of the most serious complications of pregnancy, is evident. While the manifestations of pre-eclampsia during pregnancy (high blood pressure, multi-organ disease, and placental dysfunction) resolve after delivery, a lifelong elevated CVD risk remains.

Visual assessment of the placenta in antenatal magnetic resonance imaging across gestation in normal and compromised pregnancies: Observations from a large cohort study.

Introduction: Visual assessment of the placenta in antenatal magnetic resonance imaging is important to confirm healthy appearances or to identify pathology complicating fetal anomaly or maternal disease.

Methods: We assessed the placenta in a large cohort of 228 women with low and high risk pregnancies across gestation. All women gave written informed consent and were imaged using either a 3T Philips Achieva or 1.

The use of functional placental magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of the placenta after prolonged preterm rupture of the membranes in vivo: A pilot study.

Introduction: Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) complicates 3% of pregnancies in the UK. Where delivery does not occur spontaneously, expectant management until 37 weeks of gestation is advocated, unless signs of maternal infection develop. However, clinical presentation of maternal infection can be a late sign and injurious fetal inflammatory responses may already have been activated.

An efficient and combined placental -ADC acquisition in pregnancies with and without pre-eclampsia.

Purpose: To provide a new approach to jointly assess microstructural and molecular properties of the human placenta in vivo fast and efficiently and to present initial evidence in cohorts of healthy pregnancies and those affected by pre-eclampsia.

Methods: Slice and diffusion preparation shuffling, built on the previously proposed ZEBRA method, is presented as a robust and fast way to obtain and apparent diffusivity coefficient (ADC) values. Joint modeling and evaluation is performed on a cohort of healthy and pre-eclamptic participants at 3T.

APPLAUSE: Automatic Prediction of PLAcental health via U-net Segmentation and statistical Evaluation.

Purpose: Artificial-intelligence population-based automated quantification of placental maturation and health from a rapid functional Magnetic Resonance scan. The placenta plays a crucial role for any successful human pregnancy. Deviations from the normal dynamic maturation throughout gestation are closely linked to major pregnancy complications.

Maternal and fetal incidental findings on antenatal magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations are increasingly used in antenatal clinical practice. Incidental findings are a recognized association with imaging and although in some circumstances their identification can alter management, they are often associated with increased anxiety, for both patient and clinician, as well as increased health care costs.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of unexpected findings in both the mother and fetus during antenatal MRI examinations.

Data-Driven multi-Contrast spectral microstructure imaging with InSpect: INtegrated SPECTral component estimation and mapping.

We introduce and demonstrate an unsupervised machine learning technique for spectroscopic analysis of quantitative MRI experiments. Our algorithm supports estimation of one-dimensional spectra from single-contrast data, and multidimensional correlation spectra from simultaneous multi-contrast data. These spectrum-based approaches allow model-free investigation of tissue properties, but require regularised inversion of a Laplace transform or Fredholm integral, which is an ill-posed calculation.

T2* placental MRI in pregnancies complicated with fetal congenital heart disease.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most important and common group of congenital malformations in humans. Concurrent development and close functional links between the fetal heart and placenta emphasise the importance of understanding placental function and its influence in pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate placental oxygenation by relaxometry (T2*) to assess differences in placental phenotype and function in CHD.

A hemizygous mutation in the FOXP3 gene (IPEX syndrome) resulting in recurrent X-linked fetal hydrops: a case report.

Background: Fetal hydrops is excessive extravasation of fluid into the third space in a fetus, which could be due to a wide differential of underlying pathology. IPEX (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked) syndrome primarily affects males. It is a monogenic primary immunodeficiency syndrome of X-linked recessive inheritance due to FOXP3 gene variants.

Placental magnetic resonance imaging in chronic hypertension: A case-control study.

Introduction: We aimed to explore the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo as a tool to elucidate the placental phenotype in women with chronic hypertension.

Methods: In case-control study, women with chronic hypertension and those with uncomplicated pregnancies were imaged using either a 3T Achieva or 1.5T Ingenia scanner.

Clinical Application of Brain Plasticity in Neurosurgery.

Brain plasticity is an ongoing process of reorganization not only on the macroscopic level but also from underlying changes at the cellular and molecular levels of neurons. This evolution has not yet been fully understood. The objective of this paper is to review and understand neuroplasticity through the review of literature, imaging, and intraoperative evidence.

Antenatal thymus volumes in fetuses that delivered <32 weeks' gestation: An MRI pilot study.

Introduction: Infection and inflammation have been implicated in the etiology and subsequent morbidity associated with preterm birth. At present, there are no tests to assess for fetal compartment infection. The thymus, a gland integral in the fetal immune system, has been shown to involute in animal models of antenatal infection, but its response in human fetuses has not been studied.

Research priorities for pregnancy hypertension: a UK priority setting partnership with the James Lind Alliance.

Objectives: To identify research priorities for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy from individuals with lived experience and healthcare professionals.

Design: Prospective surveys and consensus meetings using principles outlined by the James Lind Alliance.

Setting: UK.

T2* Placental Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Preterm Preeclampsia: An Observational Cohort Study.

Placental dysfunction underlies the cause of pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. The use of placental magnetic resonance imaging to provide an insight into the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and thus assess its potential use to inform prognosis and clinical management was explored. In this prospective observational cohort study, 14 women with preterm preeclampsia and 48 gestation-matched controls using 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging at median of 31.

Quantitating Endosomal Escape of a Library of Polymers for mRNA Delivery.

Endosomal escape is a key step for intracellular drug delivery of nucleic acids, but reliable and sensitive methods for its quantitation remain an unmet need. In order to rationally optimize the mRNA transfection efficiency of a library of polymeric materials, we designed a deactivated Renilla luciferase-derived molecular probe whose activity can be restored only in the cytosol. This probe can be coencapsulated with mRNA in the same delivery vehicle, thereby accurately measuring its endosomal escape efficiency.

The Influence of Intraoperative Technology on Neurosurgery Training.

Background Intraoperative technology (IOT) is an expanding field designed to produce better patient outcomes and decrease iatrogenic injury. Neurosurgical residents often encounter these machines in the operating room. Therefore, our primary objective was to assess the influence of IOT on neurosurgery residents' surgical skills and training.