Sudden gains in PTSD symptoms and social functioning in cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Objective: Sudden gains (SGs) are rapid symptom improvements between two consecutive therapy sessions that predict treatment outcomes. This study investigated SGs in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, interpersonal relationship functioning, and social role functioning in Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT).

Method: Participants were 121 patients and 81 therapists involved in a parent randomized controlled hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial of CPT.

The role of beliefs about sleep in nightly perceptions of sleep quality across a depression continuum.

Background: Poor sleep quality is common in depression, but complaints of poor sleep quality are not necessarily tied to objective sleep, and the construct of sleep quality remains poorly understood. Previous work suggests that beliefs about sleep may influence sleep quality appraisals, as might sleep variability from night to night.

Objective: We tested whether beliefs about sleep predict daily sleep quality ratings above and beyond nightly variability of actigraphy and diary-assessed sleep over the course of multiple nights.