Implications of the Cass Review for health policy governing gender medicine for Australian minors.

Objective: To summarize the key recommendations of England's independent inquiry into gender identity services for children and young people (the Cass Review) and to evaluate their relevance to Australian health policy.

Conclusions: The Cass Review's findings and recommendations have clear applicability to Australian health policy. As a matter of priority, Australian health authorities need to seriously engage with the Cass Review's findings and recommendations.

Biogelx-IKVAV Is An Innovative Human Platelet Lysate-Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Delivery Strategy to Improve Peripheral Nerve Repair.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) are nowadays one of the most exploited cells in regenerative medicine. They are fast growing, capable of enhancing axonal elongation, support and locally stimulate Schwann cells (SCs), and protect de-innervated muscles from atrophy after a peripheral nerve injury. With the aim of developing a bio-safe, clinically translatable cell-therapy, we assessed the effect of ADSC pre-expanded with human platelet lysate in an rat model, delivering the cells into a 15 mm critical-size sciatic nerve defect embedded within a laminin-peptide-functionalized hydrogel (Biogelx-IKVAV) wrapped by a poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) nerve conduit.

Cancer Survivorship at Stanford Cancer Institute.

The Stanford Cancer Survivorship Program is a key initiative of Stanford Cancer Institute. The program's mission is to improve the experience and outcomes of patients and family caregivers throughout all phases of the cancer trajectory by advancing survivorship research, clinical care, and education. The four pillars of the program include clinical care delivery with a focus on primary care-survivorship collaboration and expanding specialty services, education and training of healthcare professionals, transdisciplinary patient-oriented research, and community engagement.

Implementation of a Pilot Clinic for Pediatric to Adult Cancer Survivorship Transitions.

Childhood cancer survivors are recommended to have lifelong survivorship care, yet many become disengaged during pediatric to adult care transitions. We implemented a pilot clinic for adult survivors of pediatric or adolescent and young adult (AYA) leukemia transitioning to adult-focused survivorship care. The clinic featured AYA-specific care, bidirectional communication with primary care, and a quality improvement (QI) cycle.

"On Suggestion" by John Bostock, 1923: A comparison with twenty-first century understandings of the placebo effect.

Objectives: This paper describes Australian psychiatrist John Bostock's 1923 concept of suggestion and compares it to our understandings, in 2023, of the placebo effect.

Conclusions: Bostock's 1923 article on "suggestion" gives us a glimpse of the history of Australian psychiatry. It also stimulates thought about the current understandings of the placebo effect.

Malaria therapy for general paralysis of the insane at the Sunbury Hospital for the Insane in Australia, 1925-6.

This paper, drawing on the published medical literature and unpublished medical record archives, provides an in-depth account of the introduction of malaria therapy for general paralysis of the insane into Australia in 1925-6, at Victoria's Sunbury Hospital for the Insane. This study reveals a complex and ambiguous picture of the practice and therapeutic impact of malaria therapy in this local setting. This research highlights a number of factors which may have contributed to some physicians overestimating malaria therapy's effectiveness.

Commentary on Levine et al.: A Tale of Two Informed Consent Processes.

This commentary compares two recently published informed consent recommendations for gender dysphoria. One key difference identified is in their assessment of the strength of the evidence base for the gender affirming treatment model. An evaluation of both authors' citations supports the claims of a weak evidence base for the use of puberty blockers and gender affirming hormonal treatments in youth with gender dysphoria.

Commentary: The Signal and the Noise-questioning the benefits of puberty blockers for youth with gender dysphoria-a commentary on Rew et al. (2021).

This commentary is a critique of a recent systematic review of the evidence for the use of puberty blockers for youth with gender dysphoria (GD) by Rew et al. (2021). In our view, the review suffers from several methodological oversights including the omission of relevant studies and suboptimal analysis of the quality of the included studies.

Activation of a cGAS-STING-mediated immune response predicts response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer.

Background: The DNA-damage immune-response (DDIR) signature is an immune-driven gene expression signature retrospectively validated as predicting response to anthracycline-based therapy. This feasibility study prospectively evaluates the use of this assay to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in early breast cancer.

Methods: This feasibility study assessed the integration of a novel biomarker into clinical workflows.

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome following sunitinib therapy: a case report and review of the literature.

Sunitinib is one of the standard targeted therapies used in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. It is generally a reasonably tolerated oral systemic therapy but can be occasionally associated with life-threatening toxicities. We present a case of reversible posterior encephalopathy, which is a rare but recognised side effect of the treatment.

Signalling to chromatin through post-translational modifications of HMGN.

The DNA of eukaryotic genomes is highly packaged by its organisation into chromatin, the fundamental repeating unit of which is the nucleosome core particle, consisting of 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around an octamer of two copies each of the four core histone proteins H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 (K. Luger, A.W.

Dynamic histone H3 methylation during gene induction: HYPB/Setd2 mediates all H3K36 trimethylation.

Understanding the function of histone modifications across inducible genes in mammalian cells requires quantitative, comparative analysis of their fate during gene activation and identification of enzymes responsible. We produced high-resolution comparative maps of the distribution and dynamics of H3K4me3, H3K36me3, H3K79me2 and H3K9ac across c-fos and c-jun upon gene induction in murine fibroblasts. In unstimulated cells, continuous turnover of H3K9 acetylation occurs on all K4-trimethylated histone H3 tails; distribution of both modifications coincides across promoter and 5' part of the coding region.

Enhanced histone acetylation and transcription: a dynamic perspective.

Stably enhanced histone acetylation has long been regarded as a condition of transcriptionally active genes. Recent papers suggest a more dynamic model, with rapid turnover of acetylation observed at nontranscribing "poised" genes and shown to be an important determinant of transcriptional efficiency upon gene induction. Are these "special cases," restricted to specific genes and specific types of histone modifications, or could the entire panoply of histone modifications associated with transcription now be revisited with a much more dynamic perspective?

CD8 T-cell recognition of human 5T4 oncofetal antigen.

The 5T4 oncofetal antigen is expressed by a wide variety of human carcinomas, including colorectal, ovarian and gastric carcinomas. The restricted expression of 5T4 on tumor tissues as well as its implication in tumor progression and bad prognosis makes 5T4 a promising new candidate for immunotherapy. An MVA vaccine encoding 5T4 antigen has been successfully evaluated in preclinical studies in a murine tumor model.

A phase II study of weekly cisplatin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: is this a strategy still worth pursuing?

Objectives: A phase 2 study to assess the activity of the cisplatin-gemcitabine combination in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Chemotherapy-naive patients with locally advanced/metastatic/relapsed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas received cisplatin 25 mg/m2 followed by gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Radiologic response was assessed after 3 cycles, and treatment continued for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression.

Molecular basis for the recognition of phosphorylated and phosphoacetylated histone h3 by 14-3-3.

Phosphorylation of histone H3 is implicated in transcriptional activation and chromosome condensation, but its immediate molecular function has remained obscure. By affinity chromatography of nuclear extracts against modified H3 tail peptides, we identified 14-3-3 isoforms as proteins that bind these tails in a strictly phosphorylation-dependent manner. Acetylation of lysines 9 and 14 does not impede 14-3-3 binding to serine 10-phosphorylated H3 tails.

The changing face of HIV-associated lymphoma: what can we learn about optimal therapy inl the post highly active antiretroviral therapy era?

Epidemiological data indicate that the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in HIV positive individuals is related to age and CD4 count (i.e. degree of immunosuppression).

Phosphorylation and acetylation of histone H3 at inducible genes: two controversies revisited.

The phosphorylation and acetylation (phosphoacetylation) of histone H3 tails concomitant with gene activation is now well established and has been observed at several inducible genes. However, two aspects of this response have been controversial. The first relates to the identity of the kinase that phosphorylates histone H3.

A model for integrating hepatitis C services into an HIV/AIDS program.

Service provision to persons with or at risk for hepatitis C (HCV) has become an important goal for local health departments across the nation. The shared routes of HIV and HCV, the high coinfection rate of HIV/HCV, and the lack of federal or state funding to support HCV programs are reasons for integrating hepatitis C screening and treatment services into existing HIV/AIDS programs. Such an integration of health services conserves resources.

MAP kinase-mediated phosphoacetylation of histone H3 and inducible gene regulation.

That signalling pathways, particularly the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, elicit modification of chromatin proteins such as histone H3 by phosphorylation and/or acetylation concomitant with gene activation is now well established. The picture that is emerging is one of a complex and dynamic pattern of multiple modifications at the H3 tail. Here, we review the inducible gene systems where H3 modifications have been reported and re-evaluate the controversy as to the kinase(s) that phosphorylates it as well as the proposed coupling between H3 phosphorylation and acetylation.