Development and Validation of an Electronic Health Record-Based Risk Assessment Tool for Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: The recent availability of high-quality data from clinical trials, together with machine learning (ML) techniques, presents exciting opportunities for developing prediction models for clinical outcomes.

Methods: As a proof-of-concept, we translated a hypoglycemia risk model derived from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study into the HypoHazardScore, a risk assessment tool applicable to electronic health record (EHR) data. To assess its performance, we conducted a 16-week clinical study at the University of Minnesota where participants (N = 40) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had hypoglycemia assessed prospectively by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Heterogeneity in Epinephrine Response to Experimental Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes and Controls.

Context: The epinephrine response (Epi) to a first episode of hypoglycemia (HG) has been proposed to be predictive of Epi in subsequent HG and to provide insight into the risk for developing HG-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) in healthy controls (HCs).

Objective: To determine if Epi and symptom response (SR) to the first episode of HG predicts who will develop HAAF after exposure to recurrent HG in volunteers with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and in HCs.

Design: Review of data collected between 2013 and 2019.

Monitoring the Neurotransmitter Response to Glycemic Changes Using an Advanced Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Protocol at 7T.

The primary excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are thought to be involved in the response of the brain to changes in glycemia. Therefore, their reliable measurement is critical for understanding the dynamics of these responses. The concentrations of Glu and GABA, as well as glucose (Glc) in brain tissue, can be measured using proton (H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

Time-Restricted Eating Improves Quality of Life Measures in Overweight Humans.

Time-restricted eating (TRE) reduces weight in humans, but its effects on quality of life have not been well characterized. By performing a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, we examined the effects of TRE (12-week intervention, 8 h eating window) vs. non-TRE (unrestricted eating) on quality of life (QoL) measures.

Time-Restricted Eating Effects on Body Composition and Metabolic Measures in Humans who are Overweight: A Feasibility Study.

Objective: In contrast to intentionally restricting energy intake, restricting the eating window may be an option for treating obesity. By comparing time-restricted eating (TRE) with an unrestricted (non-TRE) control, it was hypothesized that TRE facilitates weight loss, alters body composition, and improves metabolic measures.

Methods: Participants (17 women and 3 men; mean [SD]: 45.

High Body Mass Index Masks Body Composition Differences in Physically Active Versus Sedentary Participants.

Background: Despite the benefits of aerobic exercise on body composition, runners with high body mass index (BMI) remain understudied. We examined body composition differences between sedentary insulin-resistant [obese insulin-resistant sedentary (OS-IR)], sedentary insulin-sensitive [obese insulin-sensitive sedentary (OS-IS)], and trained [obese trained (OT)] individuals with high BMI (≥25 kg/m). We hypothesized that after matching for high BMI, OT individuals would have less fat mass (absolute and relative) and greater lean mass than OS-IR or OS-IS individuals.

X-linked high myopia associated with cone dysfunction.

Objective: Bornholm eye disease (BED) consists of X-linked high myopia, high cylinder, optic nerve hypoplasia, reduced electroretinographic flicker with abnormal photopic responses, and deuteranopia. The disease maps to chromosome Xq28 and is the first designated high-grade myopia locus (MYP1). We studied a second family from Minnesota with a similar X-linked phenotype, also of Danish descent.