Transposon sequencing reveals metabolic pathways essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

New drugs are needed to shorten and simplify treatment of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Metabolic pathways that M. tuberculosis requires for growth or survival during infection represent potential targets for anti-tubercular drug development.

Recombinant Pichinde viral vector expressing tuberculosis antigens elicits strong T cell responses and protection in mice.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) caused by remains a major global health threat. The only available vaccine Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) does not prevent adult pulmonary TB. New effective TB vaccines should aim to stimulate robust T cell responses in the lung mucosa to achieve high protective efficacy.

Slow Receptor Binding of the Noncytopathic HIV-2 Envs Is Balanced by Long-Lived Activation State and Efficient Fusion Activity.

Many HIV strains downregulate the levels of CD4 receptor on the surface of infected cells to prevent superinfection. In contrast, the rare HIV-2 strain is noncytopathic and has no effect on CD4 expression in infected cells but still replicates as efficiently as more cytopathic strains in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Here, we show that HIV-2 Env interactions with the CD4 receptor exhibit slow association kinetics, whereas the dissociation kinetics is within the range of cytopathic strains.

Impact of Na-Translocating NADH:Quinone Oxidoreductase on Iron Uptake and Expression in Vibrio cholerae.

The Na ion-translocating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (NQR) from is a membrane-bound respiratory enzyme which harbors flavins and Fe-S clusters as redox centers. The NQR is the main producer of the sodium motive force (SMF) and drives energy-dissipating processes such as flagellar rotation, substrate uptake, ATP synthesis, and cation-proton antiport. The NQR requires for its maturation, in addition to the six structural genes , a flavin attachment gene, , and the gene, presumably encoding a Fe delivery protein.