Beyond Destabilizing Activity of SAP11-like Effector of Phytoplasma mali Strain PM19.

It was shown that the SAP11 effector of different Phytoplasma can destabilize some TEOSINE BRANCHES/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORs (TCPs), resulting in plant phenotypes such as witches' broom and crinkled leaves. Some SAP11 exclusively localize in the nucleus, while the others localize in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The SAP11-like effector of Phytoplasma mali strain PM19 (SAP11) localizes in both compartments of plant cells.

The Effect of the Anticipated Nuclear Localization Sequence of ' Phytoplasma mali' SAP11-like Protein on Localization of the Protein and Destabilization of TCP Transcription Factor.

SAP11 is an effector protein that has been identified in various phytoplasma species. It localizes in the plant nucleus and can bind and destabilize TEOSINE BRANCHES/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors. Although SAP11 of different phytoplasma species share similar activities, their protein sequences differ greatly.

' Phytoplasma mali' Genome Encodes a Protein that Functions as an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase and Could Inhibit Plant Basal Defense.

Phytoplasmas are the causative agent of numerous diseases of plant species all over the world, including important food crops. The mode by which phytoplasmas multiply and behave in their host is poorly understood and often based on genomic data. We used yeast two-hybrid screening to find new protein-protein interactions between the causal agent of apple proliferation ' Phytoplasma mali' and its host plant.