Divergent evolution of the alcohol-forming pathway of wax biosynthesis among bryophytes.

The plant cuticle is a hydrophobic barrier, which seals the epidermal surface of most aboveground organs. While the cuticle biosynthesis of angiosperms has been intensively studied, knowledge about its existence and composition in nonvascular plants is scarce. Here, we identified and characterized homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) ECERIFERUM 4 (AtCER4) and bifunctional wax ester synthase/acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (AtWSD1) in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (MpFAR2 and MpWSD1) and the moss Physcomitrium patens (PpFAR2A, PpFAR2B, and PpWSD1).

Wax biosynthesis in response to danger: its regulation upon abiotic and biotic stress.

The plant cuticle is the first physical barrier between land plants and their terrestrial environment. It consists of the polyester scaffold cutin embedded and sealed with organic, solvent-extractable cuticular waxes. Cuticular wax ultrastructure and chemical composition differ with plant species, developmental stage and physiological state.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Thermophilic Acetogen DSM 23265.

is an endospore-forming, anaerobic, and thermophilic bacterium which was isolated from a terrestrial hydrothermal spring. is able to use humic acid or 10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate as an electron-shuttling compound for growth and Fe(III) reduction. The genome has a size of 2.