Structure and reactivity of chlorite dismutase nitrosyls.

Ferric nitrosyl ({FeNO}) and ferrous nitrosyl ({FeNO}) complexes of the chlorite dismutases (Cld) from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Dechloromonas aromatica have been characterized using UV-visible absorbance and Soret-excited resonance Raman spectroscopy. Both of these Clds form kinetically stable {FeNO} complexes and they occupy a unique region of ν(Fe-NO)/ν(N-O) correlation space for proximal histidine liganded heme proteins, characteristic of weak Fe-NO and N-O bonds. This location is attributed to admixed Fe-NO character of the {FeNO} ground state.

Effects of cessation of cigarette smoking on eicosanoid biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative damage.

The urinary metabolites "prostaglandin E2 metabolite" (PGE-M) and (Z)-7-[1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid (8-iso-PGF2α) are biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative damage, respectively, and are elevated in cigarette smokers. Relatively little is known about the effects of smoking cessation on these biomarkers. To investigate this, current cigarette smokers interested in quitting were recruited and invited to participate in a smoking cessation study where varenicline (Chantix) and brief supportive behavioral counseling were offered at each visit after baseline.

Effects of immediate versus gradual nicotine reduction in cigarettes on biomarkers of biological effects.

Aim: A previous study showed significantly greater reductions in number of cigarettes smoked and biomarkers of toxicant and carcinogen exposure in smokers assigned to immediate reduction of nicotine in cigarettes to very low levels versus gradually over time or continued smoking of normal nicotine content cigarettes. This study examines the effects of these approaches on selected biomarkers associated with harmful biological effects.

Design: Three-arm, randomized controlled trial.

Longitudinal stability in cigarette smokers of urinary eicosanoid biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation.

The urinary metabolites (Z)-7-[1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid (8-iso-PGF2α), an F2-isoprostane and biomarker of oxidative damage, and "prostaglandin E2 metabolite" (PGE-M), a biomarker of inflammation, are elevated in cigarette smokers. However, there is little information in the literature on the longitudinal stability of these widely used biomarkers. In a large clinical trial involving 10 institutional sites, smokers were given, free of charge over a period of 20 weeks, Spectrum NRC600/601 research cigarettes containing 15.

Prediagnostic levels of urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α and prostaglandin E2 metabolite, biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation, and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted a nested case-control study of 347 HCC cases and 691 matched controls within a prospective cohort of 18 244 Chinese men in Shanghai, China. The concentrations of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α), a biomarker of oxidative stress, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) metabolite (PGE-M), a biomarker of the inflammation mediator PGE2, were determined in baseline urine samples using validated mass spectrometry assays.