Comparison of efficacy nebulized fentanyl with intravenous ketorolac for renal colic in patients over 12 years old.

Objectives: Acute renal colic is one of the common causes of referral to the hospitals. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of nebulized fentanyl with that of intravenous ketorolac in renal colic patients.

Materials & Methods: This double-blinded clinical study included 186 patients with acute renal colic who were referred to the emergency department of Besat Hospital, Iran.

Social Trends Affecting the Future of Iran's Health System: A Qualitative Study Using Focus Group Discussion.

Background: Social issues have short- or long-term as well as positive or negative effects on health systems. Identifying and analyzing events and trends help managers to make the vision and strategic planning. The purpose of this study is to identify the social trends and their impacts on the future of the Iranian health system.

Autoclave-assisted synthesis of AgNPs in extract and assessment of their cytotoxicity, antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

In this study, the authors synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using autoclave as a simple, unique and eco-friendly approach. The effect of extract was evaluated as a reducing and stabiliser agent. According to transmission electron microscopy results, the AgNPs were in the spherical shape with a particle size of ∼17 nm.