The association between visual impairment and mental disorders.

To determine the association between visual impairment (VI) and some mental disorders using the general health questionnaire (GHQ) in individuals aged 60 years and above in Tehran, Iran. The present population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on people aged 60 and older in Tehran, Iran using multi-stage cluster sampling. After selecting the samples, examinations including visual acuity measurement, refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy were performed for all participants.

The association between ocular biometric components and corneal aberrations.

Clinical Relevance: Evaluating factors affecting corneal higher-order aberration component has a very important role in interpreting the characteristics of the formed image on the retina.

Background: To determine the relationship between ocular biometric components and corneal higher-order aberrations in an elderly population.

Methods: This report is related to a subsample of the Tehran Geriatric Eye study (TGES), a population-based cross-sectional study that was conducted on individuals aged 60 years and above in Tehran city, Iran using multistage stratified random cluster sampling.

The prevalence of red-green color vision deficiency and its related factors in an elderly population above 60 years of age.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of red-green (RG) color vision deficiency (CVD) in an elderly population and its related factors.

Methods: This report is a part of the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study: a cross-sectional population-based study that was conducted on the elderly population (≥60y) of Tehran, Iran using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling. All study participants underwent complete ocular examination, including the measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy.

Auto-refraction versus subjective refraction in different phakic and pseudophakic conditions: the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES).

Aim: To compare the subjective refraction data with non-cycloplegic auto-refraction findings in the geriatric population above 60 years of age according to the different crystalline lens conditions.

Methods: This report is a part of the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES) that was conducted from January 2019 to January 2020 on elderly population 60 years of age and above in Tehran. The samples were selected by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling.

Residual refractive errors in pseudophakic eyes and related factors: a population-based study.

Aim: To determine residual refractive error after cataract surgery in pseudophakic eyes and its relationship with age, sex, and axial length (AL).

Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, the sampling was performed on individuals aged 60y and above in Tehran, Iran using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. Pseudophakic eyes with a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/32 or better were analyzed and their refractive results were reported.

Dynamic and Static Pupil Changes After Near Work: Comparison Between Reading a Book and Using a Smartphone.

Objectives: Decreased static pupil size due to accommodation is a common clinical finding; however, changes in pupillary dynamic responses after near-work activities such as reading a book and using a smartphone are not well understood.

Methods: The present study was performed on 76 right eyes of 76 volunteers (mean age: 20.95±2.

Three-year change in corneal asphericity in children at the age of emmetropisation.

Purpose: To determine the 3-year changes in anterior and posterior values of corneal asphericity (Q) in 6- to 12-year-old children.

Methods: The first and second phases of the study were conducted in 2015 and 2018, respectively. The target population in the first phase was 6- to 12-year-old students in Shahroud, Iran.

Anisometropia Profile in Elderly Population: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study.

Purpose: To investigate the distribution and prevalence of anisometropia according to age, gender and ocular biometry in a geriatric population in Tehran, Iran.

Methods: The present study was conducted on the geriatric population aged above 60 years. The study participants were selected using stratified random cluster sampling.

Assessing Accuracy of Okulix Ray-Tracing Software in Calculating Intraocular Lens Power in the Long Cataractous Eyes.

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of Okulix ray-tracing software in calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power in the long cataractous eyes and comparing the results with those obtained from Kane, Holladay 1 with optimized constant, SRK/T with optimized constant, Haigis with optimized constant, and Barret Universal 2 formulas.

Methods: The present study evaluates the refractive results of cataract surgery in 85 eyes with axial length > 25 mm and no history of ocular surgery and corneal pathology. IOL power calculation was performed using the Okulix software.

Vector analysis of moderate to high myopic astigmatism after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE): 12-month follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate the refractive outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery in moderate to high myopic astigmatism.

Study Design: Prospective interventional case series.

Methods: This study evaluated 111 eyes of 68 patients treated with femtosecond SMILE surgery for the correction of myopia and astigmatism.

Effects of N-acetylcysteine supplementation on disease activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and metabolic parameters in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Considering the importance of inflammation and oxidative stress in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant features of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of NAC supplementation on disease activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and metabolic parameters in RA patients. In a randomized double-masked placebo-controlled trial, 74 RA subjects were chosen and randomly divided into two groups to take 600 mg of NAC or placebo twice daily for 3 months. Before and after the study, disease activity was assessed via disease activity score-28 (DAS-28), and serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, nitric oxide (NO), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured.

Clinical Outcomes of a New Type of Continuous Intrastromal Corneal Ring for Treatment of Keratoconus.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of implantation of a new continuous corneal ring in keratoconic corneas of an Iranian population.

Methods: This study was conducted on 95 contact lens-intolerant keratoconic eyes with clear central corneas. A continuous corneal ring, annular intrastromal corneal inlay (AICI), was inserted using femtosecond laser in all cases.

Changes in the Optical Corneal Densitometry, Visual Acuity, and Refractive Error after the Annular Intracorneal Inlay Implantation.

Purpose: To investigate the changes in the optical corneal densitometry as an objective method in assessing the corneal light back-scattering before and 1 year after the annular intracorneal inlay (AICI) implantation into the keratoconic corneas.

Methods: Changes in the optical corneal densitometry, visual acuity, refractive, and tomographical status were assessed before and 1 year after the AICI implantation into the corneas with different stages of keratoconus. Optical corneal densitometry was evaluated using the Pentacam-HR in 0-2, 2-6, 6-10, and 10-12 mm rings in the anterior 120 μ, central layers, posterior 60 μ and also the total value were measured for cornea in the Grey Scale Unit criterion.

Ocular biometry characteristics in cataract surgery candidates: a cross-sectional study.

Background: This study was conducted to investigate ocular biometry parameters in cataract surgery candidates in northern Tehran, Iran using OA-2000 biometry device.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, values of ocular biometry parameters, including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), mean corneal curvature (mean K), lens thickness (LT), corneal astigmatism (CA), and white-to-white (WTW) of 818 eyes with cataracts, were measured using the OA-2000 biometry device (Tomey, Nagoya, Japan). The participants were divided into si age subgroups, in 10-year intervals.

The distribution of the near point of convergence and its related factors in an elderly population: the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES).

Background: To determine the distribution of the near point of convergence (NPC) and its related factors in an elderly population in Tehran, Iran.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on the elderly population (60 years of age and over) of Tehran, Iran in 2019. The samples were selected using stratified random cluster sampling.

Corneal Biomechanical Properties in Varying Severities of Myopia.

To investigate corneal biomechanical response parameters in varying degrees of myopia and their correlation with corneal geometrical parameters and axial length. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 172 eyes of 172 subjects, the severity degree of myopia was categorized into mild, moderate, severe, and extreme myopia. Cycloplegic refraction, corneal tomography using Pentacam HR, corneal biomechanical assessment using Corvis ST and Ocular Response Analyser (ORA), and ocular biometry using IOLMaster 700 were performed for all subjects.

A systematized review of cognitive load theory in health sciences education and a perspective from cognitive neuroscience.

Introduction: To design instructions in health sciences education, it is highly relevant to heed the working memory and the approaches for managing cognitive load. In this article, we tried to mention the implications of cognitive load theory (CLT) for optimizing teaching-learning in health sciences education and discussing cognitive load from the perspective of cognitive neurosciences as brain-aware medical education.

Materials And Methods: We searched databases of Pubmed, Proquest, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science for relevant literature in September 1, 2018.

Corneal biomechanical outcome of collagen cross-linking in keratoconic patients evaluated by Corvis ST.

Purpose: A 6-month evaluation of the topographic and biomechanical changes induced by corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in keratoconic eyes using Pentacam and Corvis ST.

Design: Longitudinal prospective case series.

Methods: In this study, 67 eyes of 67 patients with progressive keratoconus (KCN) treated with "Epithelium-off" CXL were evaluated.