Audit of preparedness of selected military hospital in the face of biological threats: action research study.

Introduction: In today's societies, the threats caused by chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear accidents, whether accidental or intentional, have become a great concern. Acquiring knowledge about how to respond to the management of these incidents and the complications caused by them in order to preserve societies and ensure stability is essential. Due to the fact that hospitals play an important role in dealing with the victims of biological threats, this study was conducted with the aim of auditing the preparedness of selected military Hospital in facing biological threats in 2023-2024.

Improving the non-structural preparedness of the selected hospital based on the FOCUS-PDCA model: action research.

Introduction: With the intensification of the country's development process, the expansion of cities and population, and the inclusion of Iran in the accident-prone category, reducing the vulnerability of non-structures has received more attention from the organizations involved. In addition to damage to communities and infrastructure, accidents can affect hospitals and their non-organizational components. Hospitals, as the front line of providing medical services after accidents, must maintain their stability, ensure the safety of their patients and employees, and continue to operate without interruption as in normal conditions.

Novel infrared puffing: Effect on physicochemical attributes of puffed rice ( L.).

The effect of novel infrared (IR) puffing and various IR powers (350, 450, and 550 Watts [W]) at various distances (10, 20, and 30 cm) on physicochemical characteristics of puffed rice (puffing properties, color, total phenolic content [TPC], antioxidant activity, peroxide value, and morphology) was investigated. By reducing the distance and increasing the IR power, the volume puffing was significantly increased ( < .05), and bulk density was significantly decreased ( < .

Synthesis and evaluation of new dinitrobenzamide mustards in human prostate cancer.

Tumor hypoxia has been widely explored over the years as a diagnostic and therapeutic marker. Herein, we have reported the design and synthesis of a series of dinitrobenzamide mustards (DNBM) based on the PR-104A hypoxia-selective prodrug. Specifically, we explored the impact of various leaving groups and the introduction of a carboxylic acid group on the biological performance of the DNBM constructs.

Highly functionalized 2-amino-4H-pyrans as potent cholinesterase inhibitors.

Novel highly functionalized 2-amino-4H-pyrans were achieved in excellent yields under simple grinding at ambient temperature and were assessed for their potential for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 2-amino-4H-pyran bearing nitro groups on both the aryl rings showed the highest activity, with an IC of 1.98 ± 0.

Ionic liquid-enabled synthesis, cholinesterase inhibitory activity, and molecular docking study of highly functionalized tetrasubstituted pyrrolidines.

A small library of novel spiropyrrolidine heterocyclic hybrids has been prepared regioselectively in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumbromide ([bmim]Br) with good to excellent yields using a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. These synthesized compounds were evaluated as potential agents for treating Alzheimer's disease. Compound 4b showed the most potent activity, with an IC of 7.

Synthesis and cholinesterase inhibitory activity study of new piperidone grafted spiropyrrolidines.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, which affected 35 million people in the world. The most practiced approach to improve the life expectancy of AD patients is to increase acetylcholine neurotransmitter level at cholinergic synapses by inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes. A series of unreported piperidone grafted spiropyrrolidines 8(a-p) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities.

Design and synthesis of new piperidone grafted acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting 35million people worldwide. A common strategy to improve the well-being of AD patients consists on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase with the concomitant increase of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses. Two series of unreported N-benzylpiperidines 5(a-h) and thiazolopyrimidines 9(a-q) molecules were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities.

Efficient Synthesis and Discovery of Schiff Bases as Potent Cholinesterase Inhibitors.

Background: The search for new cholinesterase inhibitors is still a promising approach for management of Alzheimer`s disease. Schiff bases are considered as important class of organic compounds, which have wide range of applications including as enzyme inhibitors. In the present study, a new green ionic liquid mediated strategy was developed for convenient synthesis of two series of Schiff bases 3(a-j) and 5(a-j) as potential cholinesterase inhibitors using aromatic aldehydes and primary amines in [bmim]Br.

New Indole Alkaloids from the Bark of Rauvolfia Reflexa and their Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity.

Background/aims: Rauvolfia reflexa is a member of the Apocynaceae family. Plants from the Apocynaceae family have been traditionally used in the treatment of age-related brain disorders Methods and Results: Two new indole alkaloids, rauvolfine C (1) and 3-methyl-10,11-dimethoxy-6-methoxycarbonyl-β-carboline (2), along with five known, macusine B (3), vinorine (4), undulifoline (5), isoresrpiline (6) and rescinnamine (7) were isolated from the bark of Rauvolfia reflexa. Cholinesterase inhibitory assay and molecular docking were performed to get insight of the inhibitory activity and molecular interactions of the compounds.

An expedient synthesis, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, and molecular modeling study of highly functionalized hexahydro-1,6-naphthyridines.

A series of hexahydro-1,6-naphthyridines were synthesized in good yields by the reaction of 3,5-bis[(E)-arylmethylidene]tetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones with cyanoacetamide in the presence of sodium ethoxide under simple mixing at ambient temperature for 6-10 minutes and were assayed for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity using colorimetric Ellman's method. Compound 4e with methoxy substituent at ortho-position of the phenyl rings displayed the maximum inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 2.12 μM.

A facile ionic liquid promoted synthesis, cholinesterase inhibitory activity and molecular modeling study of novel highly functionalized spiropyrrolidines.

A series of novel dimethoxyindanone embedded spiropyrrolidines were synthesized in ionic liquid, [bmim]Br and were evaluated for their inhibitory activities towards cholinesterases. Among the spiropyrrolidines, compound 4f exhibited the most potent activity with an IC50 value of 1.57 µM against acethylcholinesterase (AChE).

Ionic liquid mediated synthesis and molecular docking study of novel aromatic embedded Schiff bases as potent cholinesterase inhibitors.

Novel aromatic embedded Schiff bases have been synthesized in ionic liquid [bmim]Br and evaluated in vitro for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes inhibitory activities. Among the newly synthesized compounds, 5f, 5h and 7j displayed higher AChE enzyme inhibitory activities than standard drug, galanthamine, with IC50 values of 1.88, 2.

Isocorilagin, a cholinesterase inhibitor from Phyllanthus niruri.

Drugs that have dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) produce better clinical efficacy against Alzheimer's disease (AD) than those that selectively inhibit one enzyme. A dual cholinesterase inhibitory-guided fractionation of Phyllanthus niruri leaves afforded isocorilagin, a bioactive tannin possessing good inhibitory activities against AChE (IC50: 0.49 microM) and BChE (IC50: 4.

Synthesis and discovery of highly functionalized mono- and bis-spiro-pyrrolidines as potent cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors.

Novel mono and bis spiropyrrolidine derivatives were synthesized via an efficient ionic liquid mediated, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition methodology and evaluated in vitro for their AChE and BChE inhibitory activities in search for potent cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed remarkable AChE inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 1.68 to 21.

Ionic liquid mediated synthesis of mono- and bis-spirooxindole-hexahydropyrrolidines as cholinesterase inhibitors and their molecular docking studies.

One pot, three-component reaction of 1-acryloyl-3,5-bisarylmethylidenepiperidin-4-ones with isatin and sarcosine in molar ratios of 1:1:1 and 1:2:2 furnished to mono- and bis-spiropyrrolidine heterocyclic hybrids comprising functionalized piperidine, pyrrolidine and oxindole structural motifs. Both mono and bis-spiropyrrolidines displayed good inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC₅₀ values of 2.36-9.

Cholinesterase inhibitory activity versus aromatic core multiplicity: a facile green synthesis and molecular docking study of novel piperidone embedded thiazolopyrimidines.

Novel thiazolopyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized via microwave assisted, domino cascade methodology in ionic liquid and evaluated in vitro for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities. Among the newly synthesized compounds 6d, 6a, 6e and 6b displayed higher AChE inhibitory activity than standard drug, galanthamine, with IC50 values of 0.53, 1.

An efficient ionic liquid mediated synthesis, cholinesterase inhibitory activity and molecular modeling study of novel piperidone embedded α,β-unsaturated ketones.

A series of hitherto unreported piperidone embedded α,β-unsaturated ketones were synthesized efficiently in ionic solvent and evaluated for cholinesterase inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed good enzyme inhibition; therein compounds 7i and 7f displayed significant activity against AChE with IC50 values of 1.47 and 1.

An expedient, ionic liquid mediated multi-component synthesis of novel piperidone grafted cholinesterase enzymes inhibitors and their molecular modeling study.

Series of hitherto unreported piperidone grafted pyridopyrimidines synthesized through ionic liquid mediated multi-component reaction. These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against AChE and BChE enzymes. All the compounds displayed considerable potency against AChE with IC50 values ranging from 0.

An expedient synthesis and screening for antiacetylcholinesterase activity of piperidine embedded novel pentacyclic cage compounds.

The aim of this study was to synthesize and evaluate diazapentacyclic analogs for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. The pentacyclic analogs were synthesized by one-pot three-component domino reactions in a microwave synthesizer. Most of the compounds exhibited moderate to good AChE inhibitory activity, compound 5i showed potent inhibitory activity with IC50 1.

Microwave assisted synthesis, cholinesterase enzymes inhibitory activities and molecular docking studies of new pyridopyrimidine derivatives.

A series of hitherto unreported pyrido-pyrimidine-2-ones/pyrimidine-2-thiones were synthesized under microwave assisted solvent free reaction conditions in excellent yields and evaluated in vitro for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes inhibitory activity. Among the pyridopyrimidine derivatives, 7e and 7l displayed 2.5- and 1.

A facile chemo-, regio- and stereoselective synthesis and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of spirooxindole-pyrrolizine-piperidine hybrids.

A series of novel hybrid spiro heterocycles comprising pyrrolizine, spiroxindole and piperidine moieties was synthesized chemo-, regio- and stereoselectively in good yields from 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of a series of 1-acryloyl-3,5-bisarylmethylidenepiperidin-4-ones with azomethine ylides generated in situ from 5-choloroisatin and l-proline in methanol. These cycloadducts displayed significant cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among the compounds screened, 8g and 8e, showed maximum inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinestrase (BChE) with IC50 values of 3.

Cholinesterase enzymes inhibitors from the leaves of Rauvolfia reflexa and their molecular docking study.

Plants of the Apocynaceae family have been traditionally used in the treatment of age-related brain disorders. Rauvolfia reflexa, a member of the family, has been used as an antidote for poisons and to treat malaria. The dichloromethane, ethanol and methanol extracts from the leaves of Rauvolfia reflexa showed potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities, with IC50 values in the 8.

Synthesis and discovery of novel piperidone-grafted mono- and bis-spirooxindole-hexahydropyrrolizines as potent cholinesterase inhibitors.

Three-component reaction of a series of 1-acryloyl-3,5-bisbenzylidenepiperidin-4-ones with isatin and L-proline in 1:1:1 and 1:2:2 molar ratios in methanol afforded, respectively the piperidone-grafted novel mono- and bisspiro heterocyclic hybrids comprising functionalized piperidine, pyrrolizine and oxindole ring systems in good yields. The in vitro evaluation of cholinesterase enzymes inhibitory activity of these cycloadducts disclosed that monospiripyrrolizines (8a-k), are more active with IC50 ranging from 3.36 to 20.

(3E,5E)-1-Acryloyl-3,5-bis-(2,4-dichloro-benzyl-idene)piperidin-4-one hemihydrate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(22)H(15)Cl(4)NO(2)·0.5H(2)O, consists of a (3E,5E)-1-acryloyl-3,5-bis-(2,4-dichloro-benzyl-idene)piperidin-4-one mol-ecule and a half-mol-ecule of water (the O atom of the water mol-ecule lies on a twofold axis). The piperidin-4-one ring adopts an envelope conformation.