Demographics, Radiological Findings, and Predictors of Prolonged Hospitalization in Civilian Gunshot Wound Patients.

Objective: This study aims to characterize the demographic, clinical, and radiological features of gunshot wound (GSW) patients as well as identify predictors of prolonged hospitalization.

Methods: In this retrospective study, a consecutive sampling method was used, including all patients with GSWs in any anatomical region. Data collection included demographic and clinical information, radiological findings, treatment specifics, and outcome variables, such as hospitalization length of stay (LOS) as the primary outcome.

A nomogram-based clinical tool for acute ischemic stroke screening in prehospital setting.

We believe that designing a new tool which is comparable in terms of both sensitivity and specificity may play an important role in rapid and more accurate diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in prehospital stage. Therefore, we intended to develop a new clinical tool for the diagnosis of AIS in the prehospital stage. This was a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study.

NEXUS vs. Canadian C-Spine Rule (CCR) in Predicting Cervical Spine Injuries; a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Clinical decision tools have been shown to reduce imaging rates for clearance of suspected cervical spine injury (CSI). This review provides more comprehensive evidence on the diagnostic capabilities of National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) and Canadian C-spine rule (CCR) in this regard.

Method: A systematic review of the current literature was performed on studies published until Jan 26, 2023, in databases of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, investigating the performance of NEXUS and CCR in blunt trauma patients.

Clinical decision rules in predicting computed tomography scan findings and need for neurosurgical intervention in mild traumatic brain injury: a prospective observational study.

Purpose: In this study, we will compare the diagnostic values of head CT decision rules in predicting the findings of CT scans in a prospective multicenter study in university emergency departments in Iran.

Methods: The primary outcome was any traumatic lesion findings in brain CT scans, and the secondary outcomes were death, the need for mechanical ventilation, and neurosurgical intervention. Decision rules including the Canadian CT Head Rule (CCHR), New Orleans Criteria (NOC), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS), and Neurotraumatology Committee of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (NCWFNS) were compared for the main outcomes.

The General Public Awareness of Emergency Conditions and the Services Provided by Emergency Medical Services.

Objective: Considering the growing use of emergency medical services (EMS), we evaluated the level of public awareness of emergency situations in Iran.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to January 2023 on Iranian residents in Tehran, who were older than 18 years old. The participants were directed to a URL for an online survey link and asked to select their preferred options for the predetermined scenarios.

The Rapid Arterial oCclusion Evaluation (RACE) scale accuracy for diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke in emergency department - A multicenter study.

Objective: It seems that the available data on performance of the Rapid Arterial oCclusion Evaluation (RACE) as a prehospital stroke scale for differentiating all AIS cases, not only large vessel occlusion (LVO), from the stroke mimics is lacking. As a result, we intend to evaluate the accuracy of the RACE criteria in diagnosing of AIS in patients transferred to the emergency department (ED).

Method: The present study was a diagnostic accuracy cross-sectional study during 2021 in Iran.

Two-Stage Clinical Model for Screening the Suspected Cases of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Need of Imaging in Emergency Department; a Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Just as failure to diagnose an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in a timely manner affects the patient's outcome; an inaccurate and misplaced impression of the AIS diagnosis is not without its drawbacks. Here, we introduce a two-stage clinical tool to aid in the screening of AIS cases in need of imaging in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study, in which suspected AIS patients who underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included.

Accuracy of airway ultrasound parameters to predict difficult airway using the LEMON criteria as a reference: A cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study.

Objectives: Ultrasound (US) airway indexes were frequently compared with other scoring systems such as Mallampati score and Cormack - Lehane classification system, but to the best of our knowledge never with LEMON. Here, in this study, we evaluated the accuracy of some recommended airway US parameters in terms of screening difficult airway using the LEMON criteria as a reference.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study in which people with at least 18 years old coming to the emergency departments for any reason who had consent for participation, were enrolled with the simple random sampling method.

The Outcome Predictors of the Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury; A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To probe the factors associated with the outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients admitted to emergency department (ED).

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that data gathering was performed via census methods, retrospectively. During one year, all head injury's patients who admitted to the ED of a tertiary center in Tehran, Iran were included.

Clients' Satisfaction with Services Provided by Ambulances and Motor Ambulances of Tehran Emergency Medical Services: A Cross-sectional Study.

To improve the quality of services provided by emergency medical services (EMS), a correct understanding of the current situation and analysis of possible problems is required. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of clients' satisfaction regarding the missions performed by ambulances and motor ambulances (motorlances) of the Tehran EMS center, and also identify the factors affecting their satisfaction. This cross-sectional study was conducted for 1 month in Tehran, Iran.

An Epidemiologic Overview of Traumatic Vascular Injures in Emergency Department; a Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Vascular system injuries (VSIs) are one of the main causes of preventable mortality and morbidity of trauma patients. This study aimed to evaluate baseline characteristics, presenting signs, managements, and outcomes of patients presenting to emergency department (ED) with traumatic VSIs.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with traumatic VSIs admitted to the ED of a referral tertiary trauma center, during one year.

Persistent/Late-Onset Complications of COVID-19 in General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tehran, Iran.

Background: After recovery from acute phase of the COVID-19, some patients suffer from persistent/late-onset complications. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of such complications in a large scale of COVID-19 patients in Tehran, Iran.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, those patients who called Tehran emergency medical services center and were visited by the emergency medical technicians from 20 March 2020 until 21 September 2020 and diagnosed as a confirmed COVID-19 case were enrolled.

Sub dissociative dose of ketamine with haloperidol versus fentanyl on pain reduction in patients with acute pain in the emergency department; a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Ketamine is known to be an effective factor in reducing pain without significant side effects.

Objective: One of the limited side effects of Ketamine is agitation. Due to the reduction of this symptom with Haloperidol, we decided to design a randomized clinical trial to compare the analgesic effect of Ketamine with Haloperidol and Fentanyl in reducing acute pain and its complications.

Changes in COVID-19 IgM and IgG antibodies in emergency medical technicians (EMTs).

Introduction: Serologic testing can provide a safe and fast approach for assessing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. These tests can be utilized as a complementary method in diagnosis and patients' follow-up, and can also be helpful in epidemiological studies. This study aimed to describe temporal changes in the incidence of COVID-19 IgM and IgG antibodies in emergency medical technicians (EMTs) within a specified time period.

Characteristics of Emergency Medical Service Missions in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Death Cases in the Periods of Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Some studies in countries affected by the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have shown that the missions of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the rate of death and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has been increased due to the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the process of EMS missions, death, and OHCA.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Tehran, Iran.

Risk Factors for Road Traffic Injury-Related Mortality in Iran; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Gathering information regarding the risk factors of mortality and disability due to road traffic injuries can provide evidence for adopting effective interventions to reduce the burden of the injury. Therefore, the present study intends to identify the most important risk factors of road accident-related mortality in Iran by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: Search was done in English and Persian electronic databases, for articles published until the end of 2020.

A Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study on Prehospital Stroke Screening Scales.

Background: Stroke is one of the most common debilitating diseases. Although effective treatment is available, a golden time has been defined in this regard. Therefore, prompt action is needed to identify patients with stroke as soon as possible, even in the pre-hospital stage.

Ultrasonography indicators for predicting difficult intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Ultrasonography (US) is recently used frequently as a tool for airway assessment prior to intubation (endotracheal tube (ETT) placement), and several indicators have been proposed in studies with different reported performances in this regard. This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed the performance of US in difficult airway assessment.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the Cochrane book.

The Geographical Distribution of Probable COVID-19 Patients Transferred by Tehran Emergency Medical Services; a Cross Sectional Study.

Introduction: Mapping of COVID-19 infection in the city can help us know more about how the disease is distributed and spread. This study was conducted to investigate the geographical distribution of probable COVID-19 patients who were transferred to destination hospitals by emergency medical services (EMS) in the first wave of the epidemic, in Tehran, Iran.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed based on recorded missions during the first 3-month period of the pandemic in Tehran, Iran.

The validity of recognition of stroke in the emergency room (ROSIER) scale in the diagnosis of Iranian patients with acute ischemic stroke in the emergency department.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the accuracy of recognition of stroke in the Emergency Room (ROSIER) Scale in the diagnosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) transferred to the emergency department (ED).

Methods: The present study was a multicenter study. Records from patients suspected of stroke, who referred to the ED were reviewed.

Accuracy of the pre-hospital triage tools (qSOFA, NEWS, and PRESEP) in predicting probable COVID-19 patients' outcomes transferred by Emergency Medical Services.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of pre-hospital triage tools including the qSOFA, NEWS, and PRESEP in determining the prognosis of probable COVID-19 patients.

Methods: In this diagnostic accuracy study, all probable COVID-19 patients older than 16-year-old who were transferred to the hospital by the Tehran Emergency Medical Services (EMS) during the first month of the pandemic, entered to the study. The scores of qSOFA, NEWS, and PRESEP were calculated using data gathered while providing pre-hospital care.

Antibody Rapid Test Results in Emergency Medical Services Personnel during COVID-19 Pandemic; a Cross Sectional study.

Introduction: Like other infectious diseases, it is expected that COVID-19 will mostly end with the development of neutralizing antibody immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the value of COVID-19 antibody rapid test assessment in emergency medical services (EMS) personnel.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran from 20th March until 20th May 2020.

Accuracy of prehospital ambulance stroke test in terms of diagnosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke: A multi-center study.

Andsberg et al. have recently introduced a novel scoring system entitled "PreHospital Ambulance Stroke Test (PreHAST)", which helps to early identification of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) even in prehospital setting. Its validity has not been assessed in a study yet, and the purpose of this study was to assess this scoring system on a larger scale to provide further evidence in this regard.