Extracellular Vesicle ASC: A Novel Mediator for Lung-Brain Axis in Preterm Brain Injury.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neurodevelopmental impairment are among the most common morbidities affecting preterm infants. Although BPD is a predictor of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, it is currently uncertain how BPD contributes to brain injury in preterm infants. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in interorgan communication in diverse pathological processes.

Highly comparative time series analysis of oxygen saturation and heart rate to predict respiratory outcomes in extremely preterm infants.

Highly comparative time series analysis (HCTSA) is a novel approach involving massive feature extraction using publicly available code from many disciplines. The Prematurity-Related Ventilatory Control (Pre-Vent) observational multicenter prospective study collected bedside monitor data from>700extremely preterm infants to identify physiologic features that predict respiratory outcomes..

Etiology and Mechanism of Intermittent Hypoxemia Episodes in Spontaneously Breathing Extremely Premature Infants.

Objective: To evaluate the mechanisms leading to intermittent hypoxemia (IH) episodes in spontaneously breathing extremely premature infants at 32 weeks and 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA).

Methods: We studied spontaneously breathing premature infants born at 23-28 weeks of gestational age who presented with IH episodes while on noninvasive respiratory support at 32 or 36 weeks PMA. Daytime recordings of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO), esophageal pressure, respiratory inductive plethysmography of the abdomen, chest wall, and their sum were obtained during 4 hours at 32 weeks and 36 weeks PMA.

Effect of the Target Range on Arterial Oxygen Saturation Stability in Extremely Premature Infants.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of targeting arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the high (93-95%) versus the low portion (90-92%) of the recommended range of 90-95% on oxygenation stability in extremely premature infants.

Methods: Premature infants of ≤28 weeks of gestational age who received a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) > 0.21 after day 14 were eligible.

Pulse oximetry reliability for detection of hypoxemia under motion in extremely premature infants.

Background: Episodes of intermittent hypoxemia (IH) in extremely premature infants are detected by pulse oximetry (SpO) but motion artifact can cause falsely low readings.

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of SpO during IH episodes associated with motion in premature infants of ≤28 weeks GA monitored with 2 pulse oximeters.

Methods: IH episodes (defined as SpO < 90%, >10 s and SpO < 80%, >10 s) were classified by an analytic tool based on distortion caused by motion in the pulse plethysmograph (Pleth) as: A (true hypoxemia), both SpO decreased (only one Pleth showed motion); B (false hypoxemia), one SpO decreased (Pleth showed motion) and the other didn't (Pleth didn't show motion); C (suspected hypoxemia), both SpO decreased (both Pleth showed motion); D (true hypoxemia-motion free), both SpO decreased (neither Pleth showed motion).

Efficacy of late postnatal dexamethasone on weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation in extreme premature infants.

Objective: To evaluate the short-term respiratory effects of PND in a cohort of ventilator-dependent premature infants.

Study Design: Clinical data from 106 infants 23-28 weeks gestation who received PND for weaning from MV during 2011-2017 were evaluated. PND was started at a dose of 0.