Massive blood loss from urethrorrhage in a 16-year-old boy: Case report and review of two rare causes.

Urethral varices and hemangiomas are rare, underreported conditions that can be asymptomatic or present with intermittent urethrorrhage that can start or worsen with erection, sexual intercourse and ejaculation. Diagnosis can be made with urethroscopy and there are a wide variety of possible treatments that can suit both conditions. We present a case of a pediatric patient with severe blood loss from urethral varices that was treated with electrofulguration after laser treatment with Holmium failed.

Persistent Hypothermia and Excessive Sweating Following Intrathecal Morphine Administration in a Teenage Boy: A Case Report.

Introduction: Opioids are used intrathecally to manage surgical pain. There are few reports of hypothermia after spinal morphine injection, none in the pediatric population. We present a teenager's case of mild hypothermia.

[Persistence of left superior vena cava associated to esophageal atresia: presentation of 5 cases].

Background: Esophageal atresia is known to be associated with a variety of additional congenital anomalies in multiple organ systems. Persistent left superior vena cava is one of the most common venous thoracic anomaly, occurring in about 0,3% of the population. The aim of this study was to characterize persistent left superior vena cava in infants treated in Hospital Dona Estefânia with esophageal atresia.

[Transternal Transpericardic Approach in the Treatment of a Recurrent Tracheoesophageal Fistula].

Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula in children is a challenging issue, associated to high morbidity and mortality, due to major scarring and inflammatory changes resulting from previous interventions and the disease itself. Most cases require surgical treatment, but the complexity of the situation may, sometimes, prevent the traditional approach by thoracotomy. We present the clinical case of a 2 year old child with esophageal atresia with proximal and distal fistula, and multiple fistula recurrences.