Qualitative analysis of the Clock Drawing Test by educational level and cognitive profile.

Unlabelled: The use of a qualitative scale for the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) may add information about the pattern of errors committed.

Objective: To translate and adapt the Modified Qualitative Error Analysis of Rouleau into Brazilian Portuguese and to examine the pattern of errors according to educational level and cognitive profile.

Method: 180 adults (47-82 years) completed the CDT.

Training of executive functions in healthy elderly: Results of a pilot study.

Unlabelled: Executive functions (EF) refer to the cognitive skills necessary to formulate a goal, plan, execute plans effectively, and to perform self-monitoring and self-correction. Several aspects of EF change during the normal aging process.

Objectives: To train skills associated with executive functions in the elderly and to detect possible impact on objective EF tests and self-reports of functional status.

Use of memory strategies among younger and older adults: Results from objective and subjective measures.

Unlabelled: Memory plays a fundamental role in the identity of people and in human life, as it enables us to interpret our surroundings and make decisions. It is known that the aging process can be accompanied by cognitive decline in some memory sub systems. However, the use of memory strategies can help encoding and retrieval of new information.

Effects of cognitive training based on metamemory and mental images.

Unlabelled: There is scant research evidence regarding training effects among elderly with limited educational experience. Research indicating an association between metamemory and memory performance is based on samples of older adults with at least 12 years of education.

Objectives: To test the efficacy of a cognitive training program based on the creation of mental images and changes in specific aspects of metamemory in individuals with 3 to 15 years of education (M=8.