Modulating risk-taking behavior with theta-band tACS.

Although risk is prevalent in decision-making, the specific neural processes underlying risk-taking behavior remain unclear. Previous studies have suggested that frontal theta-band activity plays a crucial role in modulating risk-taking behavior. The functional relevance of theta in risk-taking behavior is yet to be clearly established and studies using noninvasive brain stimulation have yielded inconsistent findings.

Gastrointestinal digestion assays for evaluating the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in fruits and their derivates: an overview.

Fruits and their derivatives are sources of phenolic compounds, which contribute to the maintenance of health benefits. In order to exert such properties, these compounds must be exposed to gastrointestinal conditions during digestion. In vitro methods of gastrointestinal digestion have been developed to simulate and evaluate the changes that compounds undergo after being exposed to various conditions.

The functional relevance of right DLPFC and VMPFC in risk-taking behavior.

Background: The prefrontal cortex can be partialized in various anatomical and functional sub regions. Among those regions, both right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) have been associated with risk-taking behavior based on neuroimaging studies. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) studies aiming at demonstrating the functional relevance of neural activity in these areas almost exclusively focused on the rDLPFC, where its experimental stimulation with a (generally) inhibitory protocol lead to a measurable increase in risk-taking behavior due to reduced cognitive control.

The effects of probiotics on risk and time preferences.

Animal models, human neuroimaging and lesion studies revealed that the gut microbiota can influence the interaction between the central and the enteric nervous systems via the gut-brain axis (GBA) and can affect brain regions linked to basic emotional and cognitive processes. The role of the gut microbiota in decision-making in healthy humans thus far remains largely unknown. Our study establishes a functional relationship between the gut microbiota and healthy humans' decisions that involve risk and time.

Biotransformation of the Brazilian Caatinga fruit-derived phenolics by Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 impacts bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of fermentation of fruit purees (seriguela, mangaba, mango, and acerola) with Lacticaseibacillus casei 01 and/or Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05 on the profile and bioaccessibility of phenolics and antioxidant activity. The physicochemical parameters and sugar and organic acid contents were also measured for evaluating the fermentation system. Fruit purees were adequate substrates for the growth of probiotic cultures, presenting high viability in the product and after simulated gastrointestinal conditions (≥7 log CFU/g).

Reduced risk-taking behavior during frontal oscillatory theta band neurostimulation.

Background: Most of our decisions involve a certain degree of risk regarding the outcomes of our choices. People vary in the way they make decisions, resulting in different levels of risk-taking behavior. These differences have been linked to prefrontal theta band activity.

Juá fruit (Ziziphus joazeiro) from Caatinga: A source of dietary fiber and bioaccessible flavanols.

Fruits from Ziziphus joazeiro from Mata Paraibana (MP), Borborema (BB), Agreste (AG) and Sertão Paraibano (SP) were assessed to determine their morphological characteristics, nutritional composition, content and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. In general, juá fruits presented ovoid shape, high moisture (65.33-72.

Bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in native and exotic frozen pulps explored in Brazil using a digestion model coupled with a simulated intestinal barrier.

The bioaccessibility of phenolics and antioxidant activity were determined in açaí, cupuaçu, blackberry, blueberry, jabuticaba, raspberry, cajá and soursop frozen pulps (FPs) using a digestion model coupled with a simulated intestinal barrier. Cyanidin 3-glucoside (6.56%) and pelargonidin 3-glucoside (28.

Bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in frozen pulps of Brazilian exotic fruits exposed to simulated gastrointestinal conditions.

This study characterized the phenolic profile in siriguela, umbu-cajá and mangaba, as well in their frozen pulps (FPs). The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the FP dialysates were determined following exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The profile of phenolic compounds identified in fruit and FPs were relatively similar.

Ethanol consumption enhances periodontal inflammatory markers in rats.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the short term effect of ethanol administration on periodontal disease in rats.

Design: Rats received either ethanol 2g/kg or water by gastric gavage twice a day. On the fifth day ligatures were tied around the molars of half of the rats to induce periodontitis.