Tonic noradrenergic input to neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus mediates food intake in male mice.

The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is essential for the control of food intake. Efferent projections from the DRN extend to several forebrain regions that are involved in the control of food intake. However, the neurotransmitters released in the DRN related to the control of food intake are not known.

Non-invasive evaluation of vascular permeability in formalin-induced orofacial pain model using infrared thermography.

Enhanced vascular permeability at the site of injury is a prominent feature in acute inflammatory pain models, commonly assessed through the Evans Blue test. However, this invasive test requires euthanasia, thereby precluding further investigations on the same animal. Due to these limitations, the integration of non-invasive tools such as IRT has been sought.

Inhaled molecular hydrogen reduces hippocampal neuroinflammation, glial reactivity and ameliorates memory impairment during systemic inflammation.

Sepsis is associated with numerous physiological and biochemical abnormalities that result in a life-threatening condition. The involvement of the Central Nervous System (CNS) during sepsis has received considerable attention, especially the hippocampus which plays a key role in the learning and memory processes. The increased interest in this limbic region during systemic inflammation (SI) is related to the number of sepsis survivor patients who have cognitive impairments.

Angiotensin-(1-7) improves tail skin heat loss and increases the survival of rats with polymicrobial sepsis.

Sepsis is a serious syndrome, characterized by the excessive release of inflammatory mediators and thermoregulatory changes, being fever the most common sign. However, despite the importance of Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) in controlling the inflammation, the role of the peptide in the febrile response and mortality in animals submitted to experimental model of sepsis is still not clear. In this way, we evaluate the effect of continuous infusion of Ang-(1-7) in inflammatory response, thermoregulation and in mortality of Wistar male rats submitted to colonic ligation puncture (CLP).

Orofacial anti-hypernociceptive effect of citral in acute and persistent inflammatory models in rats.

Unlabelled: Orofacial pain has significant psychological and physiological effects. Citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal) is the main component of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, an herb with analgesic properties. Although citral has been considered a potent analgesic, its putative effects on orofacial pain are still unknown.

Autonomic Disbalance During Systemic Inflammation is Associated with Oxidative Stress Changes in Sepsis Survivor Rats.

Sepsis affects 31.5 million people worldwide. It is characterized by an intense drop in blood pressure driving to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

α-1 Adrenoceptor Activation in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Decreases Food Intake in Fasted Rats.

The dorsal raphe (DR) nucleus is involved in a myriad of physiological functions, such as the control of sleep-wake cycle, motivation, pain, energy balance, and food intake. We have previously demonstrated that in fed rats the intra-DR administration of phenylephrine, an α-1 receptor agonist, does not affect food intake, whereas clonidine, an α-2 receptor agonist, potently stimulates food intake. These results indicated that in fed rats an increased adrenergic tonus blocked food intake, since the activation of α-2 auto-receptors, which decreases pre-synaptic release of adrenaline/noradrenaline, affected food intake.

Chronic molecular hydrogen inhalation mitigates short and long-term memory loss in polymicrobial sepsis.

The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the first physiological systems to be affected in sepsis. During the exacerbated systemic inflammatory response at the early stage of sepsis, circulatory inflammatory mediators are able to reach the CNS leading to neuroinflammation and, consequently, long-term impairment in learning and memory formation is observed. The acute treatment with molecular hydrogen (H) exerts important antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis, but little is known about the mechanism itself and the efficacy of chronic H inhalation in sepsis treatment.