Populations of Latvia and Lithuania in the context of some Indo-European and non-Indo-European speaking populations of Europe and India: insights from genetic structure analysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among Lithuanian, Latvian, Indian, and some other populations through a genome-wide data analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Limited data of Baltic populations were mostly compared with geographically closer modern and ancient populations in the past, but no previous investigation has explored their genetic relationships with distant populations, like the ones of India, in detail. To address this, we collected and merged genome-wide SNP data from diverse publicly available sources to create a comprehensive dataset with a substantial sample size especially from Lithuanians and Latvians.

Disentangling archaic introgression and genomic signatures of selection at human immunity genes.

Pathogens and infectious diseases have imposed exceptionally strong selective pressure on ancient and modern human genomes and contributed to the current variation in many genes. There is evidence that modern humans acquired immune variants through interbreeding with ancient hominins, but the impact of such variants on human traits is not fully understood. The main objectives of this research were to infer the genetic signatures of positive selection that may be involved in adaptation to infectious diseases and to investigate the function of Neanderthal alleles identified within a set of 50 Lithuanian genomes.

Microevolutionary processes analysis in the Lithuanian genome.

Differences in the relative fitness of genomic variants are foundational, without these, neither natural selection nor adaption can exist. This research analyzed two microevolutionary forces, mutations, and positive selection, using whole genome sequencing data from Lithuanians across three generations: newborns (generation I), their parents (generation II), 60 years old Lithuanians, and the root ancestors (generation III). The main objective was to determine the frequency of mutations under selection in modern humans and how allele frequencies change across generations.

Association of rs970547 Polymorphism with Elite Athlete Status.

The role of genetics, as an intrinsic factor, in research of sports performance increases with every passing year. The polymorphism rs970547 of the COL12A1 gene is one of the most promising genetic markers linked to soft-tissue injuries. This study aimed to investigate whether COL12A1 rs970547 genotypes are associated with elite Lithuanian athletes from high-risk various sports, such as running, throwing, jumping, and football.

Inherited and De Novo Variation in Lithuanian Genomes: Introduction to the Analysis of the Generational Shift.

Most genetic variants are rare and specific to the population, highlighting the importance of characterizing local population genetic diversity. Many countries have initiated population-based whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies. Genomic variation within Lithuanian families are not available in the public databases.

Genome-Wide Landscape of North-Eastern European Populations: A View from Lithuania.

There are still several unanswered questions regarding about ancient events in the Lithuanian population. The Lithuanians, as the subject of this study, are of great interest as they represent a partially isolated population maintaining an ancient genetic composition and show genetic uniqueness in European comparisons. To elucidate the genetic relationships between the Lithuania and North-Eastern European and West Siberian populations, we analyzed the population structure, effective population size, and recent positive selection from genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data.

Inferring Effective Population Size and Divergence Time in the Lithuanian Population According to High-Density Genotyping Data.

The prehistory of the Lithuanian population and genetic relationship to other populations are poorly studied. Thus, the Lithuanian population, as an object of study, is interesting due to its partial isolation with genetic distinctiveness within the European context and with preserved ancient genetic composition. The main objects of this study was to infer demographic parameters, effective population size (), and divergence time using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data generated with the Illumina HumanOmmiExpress-12v1.

A comparative analysis of mathematical methods for homogeneity estimation of the Lithuanian population.

Background: Population genetic structure is one of the most important population genetic parameters revealing its demographic features. The aim of this study was to evaluate the homogeneity of the  Lithuanian population on the  basis of the  genome-wide genotyping data. The comparative analysis of three methods - multidimensional scaling, principal components, and principal coordinates analysis - to visualize multidimensional genetics data was performed.