Disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis: recommendations of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Section of Polish Neurological Society.

The treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has undergone significant changes since the first disease-modifying therapy (DMT) drug was introduced. Currently, 19 original DMT drugs are registered in the European Union. The choice of optimal therapy is becoming increasingly challenging in the absence of reliable biomarkers on the basis of which disease progression and prognosis can be determined.

Update on diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) - recommendations of Section of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology of Polish Neurological Society.

Introduction: An expert panel of the Section of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology of the Polish Neurological Society has developed principles for the management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). These principles are based on expert opinion and data from the literature published up to May 2023. Recommendations were developed based on the results of the most recent clinical trials, guidelines of foreign and international scientific societies, and the authors' clinical experience.

Expanding Role of Interleukin-1 Family Cytokines in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a critical medical condition that results in significant neurological deficits and tissue damage, affecting millions worldwide. Currently, there is a significant lack of reliable tools for assessing and predicting IS outcomes. The inflammatory response following IS may exacerbate tissue injury or provide neuroprotection.

Case report: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis treatment follow-up.

Xanthomatosis is a genetic disease inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The specific phenotypic features are associated with patient's genetic profile. The result of the mutation is disorder of cholesterol synthesis and the accumulation of its precursors in tissues.

Clinical and therapeutic challenges of smouldering multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Assessment of the clinical course, neuroimaging and histopathological changes suggests that multiple sclerosis (MS) should not be defined merely as a focal inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) because the essence of the disease is due to a diffuse, 'smouldering', pathophysiological process.

State Of The Art: Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is the clinical indicator of smouldering MS. Multiple pathomechanical factors determining smouldering MS have been identified, i.

Genetic Update and Treatment for Dystonia.

A neurological condition called dystonia results in abnormal, uncontrollable postures or movements because of sporadic or continuous muscular spasms. Several varieties of dystonia can impact people of all ages, leading to severe impairment and a decreased standard of living. The discovery of genes causing variations of single or mixed dystonia has improved our understanding of the disease's etiology.

Analysis of the Presence and Levels of IgG Antibodies Directed against the S1 Protein Receptor Binding Domain and the N Protein of SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Immunomodulatory Therapies.

The coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) course and serological statuses of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are generally parallel that of the general population. Over the pandemic's course, however, a notable increase in the number of RRMS patients who received vaccination against severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and those who had COVID-19 (symptomatic and asymptomatic) was reported. This virus and/or vaccination likely influenced DMT-treated RRMS patients' serological statuses regarding the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and their quantitative expression.

The Role of Selected Interleukins in the Development and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis-A Systematic Review.

Multiple sclerosis is a disabling inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration. Given that multiple sclerosis remains an incurable disease, the management of MS predominantly focuses on reducing relapses and decelerating the progression of both physical and cognitive decline. The continuous autoimmune process modulated by cytokines seems to be a vital contributing factor to the development and relapse of multiple sclerosis.

Religious meaning system and life satisfaction: the mediating role of meaning in life among Polish people with multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: The complexity of the associations between religiosity and indicators of well-being suggests the presence of a mediating mechanism. Previous studies indicate that religion may influence subjective well-being because it helps to find meaning and purpose. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the mediating role of the presence and search dimensions of meaning in life in the relationship between religious meaning system and life satisfaction in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Analysis of seroconversion following COVID-19 vaccination among multiple sclerosis patients treated with disease-modifying therapies in Poland.

Clinical Rationale For The Study: The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 throughout the world has highlighted the importance of vaccinations to control the pandemic and to protect people at risk for severe disease courses. Disease-modifying therapies (DMT) in multiple sclerosis (MS), whether immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive, may affect the immune response. Therefore, the question arose as to whether these vaccinations would be effective.

The use of andexanet alpha in the Polish setting: An interdisciplinary protocol. Expert consensus statement of the Polish Cardiac Society.

Andexanet alfa (AA) is a recombinant inactive analog of human activated factor X (FXa), effectively reversing the effects of its inhibitors - rivaroxaban and apixaban, which are available in Poland. The drug was approved for clinical use registration after the publication of the results of the ANNEXA-4 trial (Andexanet Alfa, a Novel Antidote to the Anticoagulation Effects of FXa Inhibitors 4), in which its efficacy in restoring hemostasis in life-threatening hemorrhages in patients receiving using the aforementioned anticoagulants was demonstrated. Hence, AA is now recommended for patients on apixaban or rivaroxaban therapy with massive and uncontrollable hemorrhages, including hemorrhagic strokes (HS) and gastrointestinal bleeding.

Multiple sclerosis susceptibility may be associated with the coding rs20541 (R130Q) IL-13 gene polymorphism in the Polish population.

Some of the multiple autoimmune diseases have been already associated with IL-13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, there are only few studies regarding multiple sclerosis (MS) risk and IL-13 rs20541 (R130Q) polymorphism, and their results are conflicting. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the frequency of the IL-13 gene rs20541 (R130Q) polymorphism in MS participants and its association with MS clinical subsets in the Polish population.

A fatal case of tick-borne encephalitis in an immunocompromised patient: case report from Northeastern Poland and review of literature.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious illness of the central nervous system caused by the TBE virus, which is commonly transmitted through a tick-bite. TBE is endemic in Europe and mid-Asia. In this study, we report a case of a 36-year-old woman, living in Northeastern Poland, with a history of double corneal transplantation and post-transplant immunosuppressive therapy who was admitted to hospital because of progressive weakness, acute headache, nausea, vertigo, vomiting, and fever.

Course of therapy in patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis despite first-line treatment.

Purpose: Treatment of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in Poland begins with first-line therapy; however, the treatment often fails. The aim of this study was to investigate the course of first-line treatment in patients who, despite experiencing an active course of the disease, did not receive more efficacious treatment due to the existing criteria in the drug program.

Methods: The study included 139 patients from 45 treatment centers.

Cladribine tablets for highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Poland: a real-world, multi-centre, retrospective, cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Treatment with cladribine tablets is indicated in highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Cladribine tablets proved safe and effective in the pivotal CLARITY trial, but that trial included primarily treatment-naïve patients. In clinical practice however, cladribine tablets are often given to patients who have failed other treatments.

Multiple sclerosis and autoimmune diseases - a case control study.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases worldwide, and various autoimmune comorbidities have been reported with MS. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of autoimmune disease comorbidity in patients with MS and their relatives in a Polish population.

Material And Methods: In this retrospective multicentre study, we investigated a group of patients with MS, and their relatives, in terms of age, gender, and the presence of simultaneous autoimmune diseases such as Graves's Disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, psoriasis, ulcerative enteritis, Crohn's Disease, coeliac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune hepatitis and systemic lupus erythematous.

COVID-19: The Course, Vaccination and Immune Response in People with Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review.

When the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared, it was unknown what impact it would have on the condition of patients with autoimmunological disorders. Attention was focused on the course of infection in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS), specially treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) or glucocorticoids. The impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the occurrence of MS relapses or pseudo-relapses was important.

Carpal tunnel syndrome conservative treatment: a literature review.

Purpose: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compression neuropathy, which is associated with a significant psy- chosocial and economic burden. In this paper, the literature on the current knowledge about the physiology and pathology of peri- pheral nerves during the course of CTS is reviewed, with a focus on currently used treatment options and the rationale for their use. Epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, clinical features and conservative treatment have been searched for, with all full-text, English language articles being included in the study.

Disturbed Ratios between Essential and Toxic Trace Elements as Potential Biomarkers of Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are known to be two of the metal contaminants that pose the greatest potential threat to human health. The purpose of this research study was to compare the levels of toxic metals (Cd, Pb) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with a control group in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland. The study also aimed to assess the correlations between toxic metals and clinical data in AIS patients, and to assess the potential effect of smoking.

Case report: First manifestation of multiple sclerosis temporally correlated with COVID-19 vaccination.

There are several case reports describing a temporal correlation between the first clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the occurrence of relapses with vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Here we report a case of a 33-year-old male who developed partial right upper and lower extremities numbness 2 weeks after receiving Johnson & Johnson's Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. The brain MRI performed during diagnostics in the Department of Neurology detected several demyelinating lesions, one with enhancement.

Case report: Variants in the gene as a rare cause of cerebellar ataxia with chorea.

Variants in the gene have been described to be associated with the following autosomal recessive diseases: xeroderma pigmentosum group F (XPF), xeroderma pigmentosum type F/Cockayne syndrome (XPF/CS), Fanconi anemia complementation group Q (FANCQ), and XFE progeroid syndrome (XFEPS). In this paper, we present a case of a 53-year-old Caucasian female patient with rare variants in the gene. When she was 42 years old, falls and loss of balance occurred.