Link between microbiota and hypertension: Focus on LPS/TLR4 pathway in endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation, and therapeutic implication of probiotics.

High blood pressure (BP) presents a significant public health challenge. Recent findings suggest that altered microbiota can exert a hypertensive effect on the host. One of the possible mechanisms involved is the chronic translocation of its components, mainly lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into systemic circulation leading to metabolic endotoxemia.