The surgical management of a patient with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and cataracts.

To report the two different surgical approaches in the case of a patient with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy with low endothelial cell count and advanced cataracts. The chosen surgical approach differed between eyes, with the right eye undergoing a combined approach consisting of cataract surgery, intraocular lens implantation, and penetrating keratoplasty in 2022. One year later, for the left eye, a different approach was decided: cataract surgery followed by Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Ocular Complications of Radiotherapy in Uveal Melanoma.

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in adults. Radiation therapy has replaced enucleation and is now the preferred treatment in most cases. Nonetheless, around 70% of patients develop radiation-related complications, some of which are vision-threatening.

Intraocular Pressure Measurement after Penetrating Keratoplasty.

Assessing the intraocular pressure is a difficult but crucial task in the follow-up of patients that have undergone penetrating keratoplasty. Early recognition of elevated intraocular pressure and/or glaucoma and establishment of the appropriate treatment is essential to ensure the best possible visual outcome for patients dealing with this feared complication. Although Goldmann applanation tonometry is still the gold standard for measuring the intraocular pressure, its limitations in postkeratoplasty eyes, due to postoperative modified corneal morphology, have led to the search for more suitable alternatives.

A systematic review of euthyroid Graves' disease (Review).

Euthyroid Graves' Disease (EGD) is a challenging pathology, due to its atypical clinical manifestations and the absence of abnormal thyroid function. Typically, thyroid ophthalmopathy is associated with elevated thyroid hormone levels and with the presence of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) but a low percentage of patients remain euthyroid without developing hyperthyroidism during long-term follow-up periods. Although it is considered a different pathology, it shares a lot of similarities with Graves' disease, rendering the diagnosis more difficult.

Conjunctival Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma in a 57-year-old man.

To report a case of benign fibrous histiocytoma of the conjunctiva involving the cornea, an uncommon ocular surface tumor. A 57-year-old patient came in our service complaining of a progressively enlarging conjunctival mass temporally to the limbus and invading the adjacent cornea of the left eye. The approach consisted in surgical excision followed by cryotherapy on the edges and on the base of the excision site and amniotic membrane patch reconstruction of the ocular surface defect.

Adipokines, cortisol and cytokine alterations in recent onset anorexia nervosa. A case-control study.

Introduction: Psychological and neuroendocrine alterations are typical characteristics in anorexia nervosa patients. The role of adipokines and cytokines as mediators of body systems' adaptations to the patients' abnormal eating behavior is not well understood. The duration of disease seems to be a determinant of nutritional status and associated hormone changes.

Associations of Probiotic Fermented Milk (PFM) and Yogurt Consumption with and Components of the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults.

The current study investigates whether probiotic fermented milk (PFM) and yogurt consumption (YC) are related to both the ingested bacteria taxa and the overall gut microbiota (GM) composition in healthy adults. PFM and YC habits were analyzed in 260 subjects (51% male) by specific questionnaires, and the following groups were considered: (1) PFM groups: nonconsumers (PFM-NC, n = 175) and consumers (PFM, n = 85), divided as follows: -containing PFM (Bif-PFM; n = 33), -containing PFM (Lb-PFM; n = 14), and mixed and -containing PFM (Mixed-PFM; n = 38); (2) PFM-NC were classified as: yogurt nonconsumers (Y-NC; n = 40) and yogurt consumers (n = 135). GM was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing.

Parent and child ratings of child behaviour following mild traumatic brain injury.

Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in children is most commonly associated with parent-reported child behaviour problems. The extent to which parent and child ratings align is unknown.

Objectives: To examine differences in child behaviour and patterns of recovery over the first 12 months following mTBI based on parent and child self-report.

Various therapies for ocular surface diseases.

Unlabelled: This paper aims to discuss various therapeutical strategies (corneal cross-linking, amniotic membrane transplantation with or without autologous serum application, medical regenerative therapy) for treating ocular surface diseases according to medical indications, etiology, local and general status of the patient. Besides the evolution and treatment of the lesions induced by corneal foreign body, ocular burns, neurotrophic keratitis, pterygium removal, Mooren's ulcer, this paper also follows and evaluates the migration, stratification and development of corneal epithelium. Of course, the success of the treatment depended on the therapeutic approach, the cause of the disease, the status of the eye and the patients' compliance.

Erratum to: Evaluation of CECT5711 strain as a coadjuvant in a vaccination process: a randomised clinical trial in healthy adults.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0154-2.].

Erratum to: Evaluation of CECT5711 strain as a coadjuvant in a vaccination process: a randomised clinical trial in healthy adults.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0187-1.].

Increased naive CD4 and B lymphocyte subsets are associated with body mass loss and drive relative lymphocytosis in anorexia nervosa patients.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an atypical form of malnutrition with peculiar changes in the immune system. We hypothesized that different lymphocyte subsets are differentially affected by malnutrition in AN, and thus, our aim was to investigate the influence of body mass loss on the variability of lymphocyte subsets in AN patients. A group of 66 adolescent female patients, aged 12-17 years, referred for their first episode of either AN or feeding or eating disorders not elsewhere classified were studied upon admission (46 AN-restricting subtype, 11 AN-binge/purging subtype, and 9 feeding or eating disorders not elsewhere classified).

Immune dysfunction and increased oxidative stress state in diet-induced obese mice are reverted by nutritional supplementation with monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Purpose: Obesity is associated with impaired immune defences and chronic low levels of inflammation and oxidation. In addition, this condition may lead to premature aging. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a nutritional supplementation with monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on several functions and oxidative stress parameters in peritoneal immune cells of obese mice, as well as on the life span of these animals.

Oxidative stress and immunosenescence in spleen of obese mice can be reversed by 2-hydroxyoleic acid.

What is the central question of this study? Evidence is growing for the link between obesity, immune dysfunction and oxidative stress, but it is still not known how the properties and functions of the spleen and splenic leucocytes are affected. What is the main finding and its importance? Obesity led to premature immunosenescence, manifested as oxidative stress and changes in leucocyte functions in mouse spleen. The oleic acid derivative 2-hydroxyoleate and, to a lesser extent, a combination of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids could reverse most of the observed alterations, suggesting a potential therapeutic tool for obesity-related immune dysfunction and redox imbalance.

Evaluation of CECT5711 strain as a coadjuvant in a vaccination process: a randomised clinical trial in healthy adults.

Background: Although the effects of probiotics on the immune system have been extensively evaluated under disease states, their role in healthy situations remains unclear, since changes are hardly expected under immunological homeostasis. EFSA indicates that vaccination protocols could be used to evaluate the potential role of probiotics to improve the immune response against antigen challenges. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of CECT5711 (Lc) on the specific immunity of healthy volunteers undergoing vaccination with Hepatitis A virus (HAV).

Ocular surface reconstruction in limbal stem cell deficiency.

The purpose of our review was to familiarize the readers with the new concepts in ocular surface diseases and reconstruction. Limbal stem cell deficiency is characterized by the progressive invasion of conjunctival epithelial cells onto the cornea, superficial vascularisation, destruction of the corneal basement membrane, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration. Depending on the severity of the disease and the time passed from the primary injury amniotic membrane transplantation, keratolimbal allograft and autograft are the available treatments hoping that, in the nearest future, stem cell transplantation and tissue engineering will become the usual therapeutic choices.

[Pathology of the vitreomacular interface].

Vitreous role in the pathophysiology of retinal diseases has increased importantly over the recent years. This was possible using Optical Coherence Tomography which reviewed the way the vitreoretinal interface should be looked at and defined and classified new pathologies such as Vitreoretinal Traction Syndrome. Vitreous is not an empty space but an important anatomical structure with role in ocular physiology.

Changes in gut microbiota due to supplemented fatty acids in diet-induced obese mice.

Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD), which is associated with chronic 'low-grade' systemic inflammation, alters the gut microbiota (GM). The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of an oleic acid-derived compound (S1) and a combination of n-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA, S2) to modulate both body weight and the GM in HFD-induced obese mice. A total of eighty mice were fed either a control diet or a HFD, non-supplemented or supplemented with S1 or S2.