TCR-T cell therapy: current development approaches, preclinical evaluation, and perspectives on regulatory challenges.

TCR-T cell therapy represents a promising advancement in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Despite its potential, the development and preclinical testing of TCR-T cells face significant challenges. This review provides a structured overview of the key stages in preclinical testing, including in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods, within the context of the sequential development of novel therapies.

Reversed Corneal Fibroblasts Therapy Restores Transparency of Mouse Cornea after Injury.

Cell-based therapies using corneal stromal stem cells (CSSC), corneal keratocytes, or a combination of both suppress corneal scarring. The number of quiescent keratocytes in the cornea is small; it is difficult to expand them in vitro in quantities suitable for transplantation. This study examined the therapeutic effect of corneal fibroblasts reversed into keratocytes (rCF) in a mouse model of mechanical corneal injury.

Erythroid Cells as Full Participants in the Tumor Microenvironment.

The tumor microenvironment is an important factor that can determine the success or failure of antitumor therapy. Cells of hematopoietic origin are one of the most important mediators of the tumor-host interaction and, depending on the cell type and functional state, exert pro- or antitumor effects in the tumor microenvironment or in adjacent tissues. Erythroid cells can be full members of the tumor microenvironment and exhibit immunoregulatory properties.

Integral Algorithms to Evaluate TiO and N-TiO Thin Films' Cytocompatibility.

Titanium oxide (TiO) and oxynitride (N-TiO) coatings can increase nitinol stents' cytocompatibility with endothelial cells. Methods of TiO and N-TiO sputtering and cytocompatibility assessments vary significantly among different research groups, making it difficult to compare results. The aim of this work was to develop an integral cytocompatibility index (ICI) and a decision tree algorithm (DTA) using the "EA.

Final fusion in a complex of surgical treatment for early onset scoliosis.

Introduction: Surgical treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) is one of the most challenging problems of spine surgery and includes staged distraction and final fusion at the end of skeletal maturity that remains debatable.

Aim: The objective of the review is to evaluate the efficacy of final fusion following staged distraction with VEPTR instrumentation in patients with EOS.

Materials And Methods: Outcomes of multi-staged operative treatment of 37 patients with EOS of different etiology were reviewed.

Co-Expression of Membrane-Bound Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Receptor Types 1 and 2 by Tumor Cell Lines.

Introduction: Density and co-expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors may vary among cell populations. However, the role and potential of these changes remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the density of expression and co-expression of TNFR1/2 and the dose-dependent effect of soluble TNF on these parameters.

Expression Density of Receptors as a Potent Regulator of Cell Function and Property in Health and Pathology.

The expression of cytokine receptors has a crucial role in many cellular processes. Recent studies reported that changes of receptor expression could control the action of mediators on target cells. The initiation of different signaling pathways and, therefore, specific effects on cells, depends on certain components forming the cytokine-receptor complex.

Changes in cell differentiation and proliferation lead to production of abzymes in EAE mice treated with DNA-Histone complexes.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-prone C57BL/6 mice are used as a model of human multiple sclerosis. We immunize mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), DNA-histone and DNA-methylated bovine serum albumin (met-BSA) complexes to reveal different characteristics of EAE development including bone marrow lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation profiles of hematopoietic stem cells. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with MOG results in the acceleration of EAE development.

Expression of TNFα Receptors on Immunocompetent Cells Is Increased in Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: Expression levels of cytokine and growth factor receptors have been found to be important in the regulation of their action. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is actively involved in inflammation processes in atopic dermatitis (AD), but the role of TNFα membrane receptors (TNFR) and their regulatory function in AD remains unclear.

Aim: We aimed to determine the associations of parameters of TNFRα expression on immunocompetent cells with disease severity before and after therapy in AD patients.

Changes in haematopoietic progenitor colony differentiation and proliferation and the production of different abzymes in EAE mice treated with DNA.

Immunization of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-prone C57BL/6 mice with MOG (a model used to study aspects of human multiple sclerosis) is known to lead to the production of various abzymes. The production of catalytic IgGs that can efficiently hydrolyse myelin basic protein (MBP), MOG and DNA is associated with changes in the profile of differentiation and level of proliferation of mice bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). As MOG simulates the production of abzymes with high DNase activity, we compared the effects of DNA and MOG immunization on EAE-prone mice.

Expression density of receptors to IL-1β in atopic dermatitis.

Interleukin 1 (IL-1 β) and the system for regulation of its biological effects play an important role in the development and behavior of inflammatory processes in atopic dermatitis. Notably, cells that are actively involved in the pathological process have altered expression of cytokine receptors. However, standard evaluation of cells by flow cytometry measures only the percentage of cells expressing the appropriate marker, which is not enough for a full assessment of these changes.

Differences of IL-1β Receptors Expression by Immunocompetent Cells Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

IL-1β is involved in the induction and maintenance of chronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its activity is regulated and induced by soluble and membrane-bound receptors, respectively. The effectiveness of the cytokine depends not only on the percentage of receptor-positive cells in an immunocompetent subset but also on the density of receptor expression.

Expression of TNFα membrane-bound receptors in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Objective: To investigate the expression of TNFα membrane-bound receptors: the percentage of cells expressing these receptors and the number of molecules expressed on different immune cell subsets, and to evaluate serum concentrations of soluble TNFα and its receptors (sTNFRI and sTNFRII) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in acute stage and after response to treatment compared to healthy donors.

Methods: The objects of the study are peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors (n=150) and RA patients (n=40) subjected to hospital treatment with either biological agents (Rituximab) or glucocorticosteroids (methylprednisolone). To determine PBMC phenotype antibodies anti-hCD3-APC, anti-hCD19 PECy7, anti-hCD14 FITC (eBioscience), as well as anti-hTNFRI-PE and anti-hTNFRII-PE (R&D Systems) were used.

Quantitative flow cytometric analysis of expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor types I and II on mononuclear cells.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is an inflammatory cytokine, the biological effects of which are mediated by the interaction with specific membrane-bound receptors. To assess TNF-α receptor (TNFR) expression, it is important to estimate both the number of cells that carry these receptors and the number of receptors per cell, because the cell fate depends on the balance between TNFRI and TNFRII signaling.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to develop an optimized protocol to estimate the level of expression of membrane-bound TNFRI and TNFRII, using QuantiBRITE PE calibration beads.