Bioinformatic Analysis of the Structural Features of the H106P/N137A Mutant as a Potential Vaccine Candidate Against Clostridium perfringens.

Background: The complex and expensive processes involved in the production of current clostridial toxoid vaccines require the design of new methods. The aim of this study was to introduce single and combined nontoxic mutants of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX) into the vaccine production.

Methods: Antigenic properties, amino acid sequence, physicochemical characteristics, stability, and protein structure of individual and combined ETX mutants were investigated with bioinformatics software.

Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Mutant I51C as a Recombinant Vaccine Candidate Against Enterotoxemia.

Background: Clostridium perfringens type B and D strains produce epsilon toxin (ETX), which can lead to enterotoxemia, an extremely lethal disease that has significant consequences for the farming of domestic ruminants, specifically sheep and goats. The bacterin-toxoids/toxoids enterotoxemia vaccines need time-consuming detoxification steps. Genetically derived toxoids (GTs) can be the alternative vaccines against ETX-associated enterotoxemia.

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Toxinotypes F & G in Diarrhoeic Sheep () Flocks in Southeast of Iran.

Clostridial enteric diseases, called enterotoxemia, are caused by toxinotypes in sheep and other ruminants. This study aimed to describe the molecular characterization of isolates in diarrhoeic sheep (Ovis aries) flocks in the southeast of Iran. Fecal/intestinal samples were collected from diarrhoeic (n=116), dead (n= 13), and healthy (n=63) sheep over four years (2016-2020) and subjected to bacteriological and molecular examinations.

Development and evaluation of cell membrane-based biomimetic nanoparticles loaded by epsilon toxin: a novel vaccine delivery platform for -associated diseases.

As () epsilon toxin (ETX) ranks as the third most potent clostridial toxin after botulinum and tetanus toxins, vaccination is necessary for creatures that can be affected by it to be safe from the effects of this toxin. Nowadays, nanostructures are good choices for carriers for biological environments. We aimed to synthesize biomimetic biodegradable nanodevices to enhance the efficiency of the ETX vaccine.

Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens toxinotypes in antibiotic-associated diarrheal (AAD) patients in Iranian hospitals; can toxinotype D serve as a possible zoonotic agent for humans?

While Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) toxinotype F is known as the cause of 15% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and sporadic diarrhea (SD) cases, the association of the other C. perfringens toxinotypes with AAD/SD is not investigated.

Toxin genotypes of Clostridium perfringens isolates from common quail (Coturnix coturnix) with or without acute necrotic enteritis.

Clostridial diseases are one of the foremost causes of mortality in quails which occur by Clostridium colinum, Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), and Clostridium sordellii. C.

Immunogenicity of a recombinant Lactobacillus casei, surface-expressed HP mutant of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin and its protective responses in BALB/c mice.

Epsilon toxin (Etx) is the most important virulence factor of type D C. perfringens in ruminants. The recombinant vaccines can be used against Etx intoxication.

Prevalence, characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Clostridioides difficile isolated from hospitals in Iran.

Objectives: Clostridioides (previously Clostridium) difficile is a major growing cause of nosocomial diarrhoea known as C. difficile infection (CDI). This study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of C.

Orally administered recombinant Lactobacillus casei vector vaccine expressing β-toxoid of Clostridium perfringens that induced protective immunity responses.

Clostridium perfringens types B and C cause enteritis and enterotoxemia in animals. The conventional vaccine production systems need time-consuming detoxification and difficult quality control steps. In this study, a modified β-toxoid gene was synthesized, cloned into the pT1NX vector, and electroporated into Lactobacillus casei competent cells to yield L.

A Recombinant Probiotic, Lactobacillus casei, Expressing the Clostridium perfringens α-toxoid, as an Orally Vaccine Candidate Against Gas Gangrene and Necrotic Enteritis.

The alpha-toxin is one of the virulence factors of Clostridium perfringens for gas gangrene in humans and animals or necrotic enteritis in poultry. The C-terminal domain of this toxin ( cpa ) was synthesized and cloned into pT1NX vector to construct the pT1NX-alpha plasmid. This surface-expressing plasmid was electroporated into Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393, generating the recombinant L.

A comparison of methods for extracting plasmids from a difficult to lyse bacterium: Lactobacillus casei.

There are few practical protocols to extract efficient plasmid DNA from the difficult-to-lyse bacterium, Lactobacillus casei. This is related to production of a large amount of exopolysaccharide coat and its special physiological characteristics. In this study, we optimized a protocol to extract efficient plasmid DNA from a recombinant L.

Oral immunization of mice against Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin with a Lactobacillus casei vector vaccine expressing epsilon toxoid.

Clostridium perfringens type D infects ruminants and causes the enterotoxemia disease by ε-toxin. A mutated ε-toxin gene lacking toxicity was designed, synthesized, and cloned into the pT1NX vector and electroporated into Lactobacillus casei competent cells to yield LC-pT1NX-ε recombinant strain. BALB/c mice, immunized orally with this strain, highly induced mucosal, humoral, and cell-mediated immune responses and developed a protection against 200 MLD/ml of the activated ε-toxin.

Seroepidemiological study of Q fever in small ruminants from Southeast Iran.

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in small ruminants in Southeast Iran. A total of 368 small ruminant blood samples (241 caprine blood samples and 127 ovine blood samples) were collected from January to May of 2011 in Southeast Iran. A commercial ELISA test kit was employed to identify specific antibodies against C.