Alterations in viscera histoarchitecture and organosomatic index as biomarkers of toxicity induced by Aba-Eku and Olusosun solid waste landfill leachates in Rattus norvegicus.

Solid waste disposal generates leachate, a mixture of deleterious chemical, physical and microbial contaminants, which poses risk to human and wildlife health. Leachate toxicity on relative organ weight and histopathology of important viscera in mammalian body is scarce. Leachate induced toxic effects on organosomatic indices and histopathology of vital mammalian organs were investigated.

Developmental and heritable genetic defects induced in mice by municipal landfill leachate.

Environmental pollution by solid waste leachate is a serious environmental and public health concern. Leachate contamination and pollution of environmental matrices have been reported, but no report of embryotoxic and developmental defects, and heritable transfer of leachate-induced toxicity in mice. We investigated the ability of Aba-Eku landfill leachate to induce embryonic malformations, developmental toxicity, and germline and somatic DNA damage in the F1 of exposed pregnant mice.

Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of consuming metal-laden wild mushrooms in Nigeria: Analyses from field based and systematic review studies.

This study investigated the potential health risk associated with the consumption of metal-laden mushrooms in Nigeria. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Al in wild mushrooms collected from the Nigerian environment were measured using atomic absorption spectrometer. Also, systematic analysis of articles on metal accumulation in mushrooms from Nigeria were obtained from scientific databases.

Mitochondrial dysfunctions elicited by solid waste leachates provide insights into mechanisms of leachates induced cell death and pathophysiological disorders.

Emissions (mainly leachates and landfill gases) from solid waste facilities are laden with mixtures of dangerous xenobiotics implicated with significant increase in various pathophysiological disorders including cancer, and eventual mortality of exposed wildlife and humans. However, the molecular mechanisms of solid waste leachates induce pathophysiological disorders and cell death are still largely unknown. Although, evolving evidence implicated generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress as the possible mechanism.

In vivo antiplasmodial activities and acute toxicity assessment of two plant cocktail extracts commonly used among Southwestern Nigerians.

Discovering and developing the desired antimalarials continue to be a necessity especially due to treatment failures, drug resistance, limited availability and affordability of antimalarial drugs and costs especially in poor malarial endemic countries. This study investigated the efficacies of two plant cocktails; CtA and CtB, selected based on their traditional usage. Efficacies of the cocktail extracts, chloroquine and pyrimethamine against were evaluated in mice using the suppressive, curative and prophylactic test models, after oral and intraperitoneal acute toxicity determination of the plant cocktails in accordance with Lorke's method.

Landfill soil leachates from Nigeria and India induced DNA damage and alterations in genes associated with apoptosis in Jurkat cell.

Landfill soil leachates, containing myriad of xenobiotics, increase genotoxic and cytotoxic stress-induced cell death. However, the underlying mechanism involved in the elimination of the damaged cells is yet to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the apoptotic processes induced in lymphoma (Jurkat) cells by landfill soil leachates from Olusosun (OSL, Nigeria) and Nagpur (NPL, India).

Metal Bioaccumulation, Cytogenetic and Clinico-Biochemical Alterations in Rattus norvegicus Exposed In Situ to a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Lagos, Nigeria.

This study aimed at determining in animal model the health effects of in situ exposure to landfill chemicals. We evaluated metal concentrations in tissues and cytogenetic and clinico-biochemical effects in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed in situ at Olusosun landfill in Lagos, Nigeria. Male rats (n = 30/point) were exposed at three different points to ambient air and underground water (via drinking) at the landfill for 4-, 8-, 12-, 16-, 20- and 24-week periods.

Plastic pollution threat in Africa: current status and implications for aquatic ecosystem health.

Rapid population growth and poor waste management practice are among the main drivers of plastic pollution in modern times, thus making Africa a hotspot for plastic pollution both now and in the future. This study is a review of plastic pollution reports from the African aquatic environment with regard to causes, current status, toxicological implications and implications for ecosystem services. A total of 59 plastic pollution studies from 1987 to September 2020 were reviewed.

Wild black rats (Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758) as zoomonitor of genotoxicity and systemic toxicity induced by hazardous emissions from Abule Egba unsanitary landfill, Lagos, Nigeria.

Wild black rats (Rattus rattus) inhabiting Abule Egba landfill (AEL) were used as zoomonitor to assess health risk associated with exposure to hazardous chemicals from landfills. Twenty five R. rattus (16♂ and 9♀) captured within AEL and 15 (9♂ and 6♀) (control) caught from Iyano Ipaja (10 km away from AEL) were examined for bone marrow micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and polychromatic erythrocytes/normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE) ratio, abnormal sperm morphology, alterations in hematological indices and erythrocyte morphology, and histopathology of the viscera using standard protocols.

Physiological and histopathological alterations in male Swiss mice after exposure to titanium dioxide (anatase) and zinc oxide nanoparticles and their binary mixture.

Existing studies have shown the systemic damage of titanium dioxide (TiO) or zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), but there is little or no existing knowledge on the potential adverse toxic effects of the mixture of the two. In order to investigate the toxic effect of the mixture of TiO NPs and ZnO NPs, the acute toxicities of TiO NPs, ZnO NPs by themselves, and their mixture (1:1) were determined. The systemic toxicities of the individual NPs and mixture were evaluated in mice using hematological indices, hepatic, renal, and lipid profile parameters, and histopathology as endpoints.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles-induced cytogenotoxicity and alterations in haematological indices of (Burchell, 1822).

The application of titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles (NPs) in the manufacturing of consumer products has increased tremendously and with the potential to induce deleterious effects on aquatic biota. There have been reports on metal oxide NP toxicity in aquatic organisms, however, information on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of TiO NPs on the African catfish, , is scarce. In this study, we investigated the genotoxicity and haematotoxicity of TiO NPs in using the micronucleus (MN) assay and haematological analysis, respectively.

Alteration of sperm parameters and reproductive hormones in Swiss mice via oxidative stress after co-exposure to titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles.

In this study, Swiss male mice were intraperitoneally administered with titanium dioxide (TiO ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and their mixture (1:1) at doses between 9.38 and 75 mg/kg for 5 weeks to evaluate reproductive toxicity. Both NPs and their mixture significantly (p < .

Reproductive toxicity assessment of Olusosun municipal landfill leachate in Mus musculus using abnormal sperm morphology and dominant lethal mutation assays.

Mixture of xenobiotics in Olusosun landfill leachates (OSL) induced somatic and germ cell genotoxicity in eukaryotic cells. However, whether the DNA-damaged germ cells can increase reproductive failure, embryotoxicity and/or teratogenicity during fertilization remained unclear. The study herein investigated reproductive toxicity and embryotoxic effects of OSL in mice using abnormal sperm morphology and dominant lethal mutation assays.

Experimental simulation of somatic and germ cell genotoxicity in male Mus musculus fed extracts of lead contaminated Pleurotus ostreatus (white rot fungi).

Exposure to lead (Pb) is a major risk factor in reproductive toxicity, somatic, and germ cell genotoxicity. Exposure via deteriorating Pb paints and contaminated air, soil, and water had been the primary routes. However, with increasing reports of Pb accumulation in mushrooms and other food items may increase the etiology of Pb poisoning.

Experimental modeling of the acute toxicity and cytogenotoxic fate of composite mixtures of chromate, copper and arsenate oxides associated with CCA preservative using Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822).

Concurrent occurrence of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and arsenic (As) from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) wood preservative in aquatic ecosystems demands that their joint-actions in eliciting toxic effects be assessed for adequate understanding of the health risk they may pose to biota. Clarias gariepinus was exposed to As2O3 , CrO3 and CuO and their composite mixtures (1:1 and 1:1:1) at various concentrations (0 - 600 mg/L) for 96-h to determine the acute toxicity using OECD (1992) protocol. C.

Bioactivity and modulatory functions of on oxidative stress-induced micronuclei and apoptotic biomarkers in mice.

is used in traditional medicine for the management of pain, inflammatory conditions and cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the modulatory mechanisms of methanol stem bark extract of on induction of micronuclei, apoptotic biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes in mice. Forty male albino mice were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 5) and were administered distilled water (DW, 5 mL/kg) as negative control, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg of the extract respectively for 28 days before the injection of cyclophosphamide (CP, 40 mg/kg) on the 28th day.

Genetic and systemic toxicity induced by silver and copper oxide nanoparticles, and their mixture in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822).

Unanticipated increase in the use of silver (Ag) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) due to their antimicrobial properties is eliciting environmental health concern because of their coexistence in the aquatic environment. Therefore, we investigated the genetic and systemic toxicity of the individual NPs and their mixture (1:1) using the piscine micronucleus (MN) assay, haematological, histopathological (skin, gills and liver) and hepatic oxidative stress analyses [malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] in the African mud catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations (6.

Evaluation of cytogenotoxicity and oxidative stress parameters in male Swiss mice co-exposed to titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles.

A number of studies have investigated the adverse toxic effects of titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles (NPs) or zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs. Information on the potential genotoxic effects of the interactions of TiO NPs and ZnO NPs in vivo is lacking. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the cytogenotoxicity of TiO NPs or ZnO NPs alone or their mixtures using the bone marrow micronucleus assay, and mechanism of damage through the evaluation of oxidative stress parameters in the liver and kidney tissues of Swiss mice.

Exposure to effluent from pharmaceutical industry induced cytogenotoxicity, hematological and histopathological alterations in (Burchell, 1822).

Pharmaceutical effluents contain toxic xenobiotics capable of contaminating aquatic environments. Untreated effluents are illegally discharged into aquatic environment in most developing countries. Pharmaceutical effluent induced alterations in biomarkers of genetic and systemic damage on rodents.

Microplastics in the marine environment: Current trends in environmental pollution and mechanisms of toxicological profile.

The global plastics production has increased from 1.5 million tons in the 1950s to 335 million tons in 2016, with plastics discharged into virtually all components of the environment. Plastics rarely biodegrade but through different processes they fragment into microplastics and nanoplastics, which have been reported as ubiquitous pollutants in all marine environments worldwide.

Intraperitoneal sodium metavanadate exposure induced severe clinicopathological alterations, hepato-renal toxicity and cytogenotoxicity in African giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse, 1840).

Pollution of environment due to increased exploitation of minerals has been on the rise, and vanadium, a metal in the first transition series essential for mammalian existence, is a major component of air pollution. This study investigated the clinico-pathological, hepato-renal toxicity, and cytogenotoxicity of intraperitoneal exposure of African giant rats (AGRs), a proposed model for ecotoxicological research to sodium metavanadate. A total of 27 adult male African giant rats weighing 975 ± 54.

Micronucleus cytome assay in the differential assessment of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of cadmium and lead in .

Amphibians are increasingly being used as bio-indicator of contamination in ecosystems due to their sensitivity to xenobiotics in the environment. Cadmium and lead compounds, ubiquitous mutagens and carcinogens, are capable of eliciting genome instability in adult toads which may enhance amphibian decline. Micronucleus cytome (MN-cyt) assay, a comprehensive cytogenetic test for the assessment of genome instability induced by xenobiotics in organisms, was utilized in the differential cytogenotoxic evaluation of Cd and Pb in adult .

Dietary ascorbic acid reduced micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) exposed to hospital effluent.

Hospital effluents contain myriad of mutagens and genotoxins capable of increasing DNA damage in aquatic biota. African mudfish, Clarias gariepinus, are exposed to genotoxins when cultured in swamps and derelict water bodies often contaminated by effluents. Moreover, its DNA is susceptible to xenobiotic-induced lesions since it lacks L-gulonolactone oxidase and hence cannot synthesize L-ascorbic acid.