Introduction: Langer's axillary arch (AA), the most common anatomical variant in the axillary area of definite clinical significance. This is an updated review of the reported variations in the structure, highlighting its morphological diversity and its potential in complicating axillary lymph node biopsy, lymphadenectomy, or breast reconstruction.
Methods: A review of the literature concerning the AA published between 1812 and 2020 was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane medical databases.