Clinical significance of gene polymorphisms for hereditary predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer (review of literature).

The review presents classical and modern views on the molecular genetic causes underlying hereditary predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer. A computerized literature search was carried out in the electronic databases MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, published between January 1994 and May 2021, using the keywords: «hereditary breast and ovarian cancer», «BRCA» and «DNA repair». Current views on the role of germline mutations in genes for susceptibility to breast cancer (BC): BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, TP53, CHEK2, PTEN, ATM, and PPM1D are presented.

[The opportunities of pneumovesicoscopic approach for correction of disorders of vesicoureteral junction in children].

Background: pneumovesicoscopic approach gives new possibilities for endovideosurgical correction of congenital ureteral and bladder pathology.

Aim: To increase the efficiency of ureteral reimplantation in patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), obstructive megaureter and bladder pathology by using pneumovesicoscopic access.

Materials And Methods: For the period 2014 - 2020 a total of 52 children aged from 10 months up to 15 years (median 2.

Field Survey of Ephedra Plants in Central Asia (1). Characterization of Ephedra equisetina, Ephedra intermedia, and Their Putative Hybrids Collected in the Zaravshan Mountains of Tajikistan.

Field surveys of Ephedra plants were conducted in the Zaravshan Mountains of Tajikistan. E. equisetina, E.

[The administration of neurocytoprotectors in a rat model of experimental spinal cord ischemia].

Aim: To study an effect of cortexin on functional recovery and morphology of the spinal cord of rats with spinal cord ischemia.

Material And Methods: Spinal cord ischemia was achieved by ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta in 16 rats stratified into two equal groups: the ligation of infrarenal aorta was performed in the control group, aorta ligation was performed also in the experimental group with preliminary intraperitoneally administration of cortexin in a dose of 0.15 mg/kg 30 min before procedure.

[The biomarkers of cerebral ischemia as a new method for the validation of the efficacy of cytoprotective therapy].

Aim: To study blood plasma concentrations of NR2-peptide in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) to assess its diagnostic value as a biomarker of cerebral ischemia and determine the dynamics of the biomarker during treatment with cortexin.

Material And Methods: One hundred and twenty patients, aged from 18 to 70 years, including 36 with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 84 with IS in the carotid territory (n=70) and vertebral/basilar territory with the Wallenberg-Zakharchenko syndrome (n=14), were enrolled. The National Institute of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS) was used to assess neurological status.

[MODERN CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS BASED ON THE DATA OF REGIONAL REGISTRY].

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe rheumatic disease characterized by polysymptomatic clinical picture. At the present stage, there are no updated epidemiological data due to the low prevalence of the disease. The aim of the study was to examine the current clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus based on the information contained in the territorial register, analysis of occurrence and symptoms at the early stage of the disease.

Climate Change Increases Drought Stress of Juniper Trees in the Mountains of Central Asia.

Assessments of climate change impacts on forests and their vitality are essential for semi-arid environments such as Central Asia, where the mountain regions belong to the globally important biodiversity hotspots. Alterations in species distribution or drought-induced tree mortality might not only result in a loss of biodiversity but also in a loss of other ecosystem services. Here, we evaluate spatial trends and patterns of the growth-climate relationship in a tree-ring network comprising 33 juniper sites from the northern Pamir-Alay and Tien Shan mountain ranges in eastern Uzbekistan and across Kyrgyzstan for the common period 1935-2011.

[Spleen-preserving D2 lymphodissection in gastrectomy].

Aim: To analyze immediate and remote results of surgical treatment of 480 patients with gastric cancer who underwent total gastrectomy.

Material And Methods: The study group included 371 patients who had spleen-preserving D2 lymphodissection during gastrectomy and control group consisted of 109 patients after D2 lymphodissection with splenectomy. Duration of surgery was 183.

[Postoperative pancreonecrosis prophylaxis in a gastric cancer surgery].

Efficacy of a new method of intraoperative regional sympathetic blockade of splanchnic nerves was estimated, basing on the results of surgical treatment of 3134 patients, suffering gastric cancer. While comparing the immediate results of surgical interventions there was established, that the risk of postoperative pancreatitis occurrence (lethality) is dependent on the kind of operation performed and its traumaticity. The risk of postoperative pancreonecrosis occurrence (lethality) lowering after standard surgical and combined intervention, after gastric surgery with pancreatic resection was promoted by application of a spiritus-novocaine blockade with the objective to suppress sympathetic reflexes as an element of anesthesia intraoperatively and in early postoperative period.

[Reconstruction after the gastrectomy by proximal stomach cancer].

The 30 years experience of surgical treatment of the proximal gastric cancer type II and III by Siewert classification in 681 patients was analyzed. 448 gastrectomies and 233 gastrectomies with proximal esophagus resection were performed. Gastrectomy with esophagus resection led to more complications (34.

[Spinal stroke in the acute myeloblast leucosis].

Data of literature on the frequency of the nervous system lesions in different variants of leucosis are analyzed. A case of a man with petechial skin rash and bruises on the body, gingival hemorrhage and general sickness is described in details. The hematologic tests revealed acute myeloblast leucosis.

[Cognitive functions and treatment of their impairment in elderly patients with the vertebrobasilar issufficiensy].

Authors studied impairment of cognitive functions in 180 patients, aged 56-74 years, with chronic blood flow deficiency in the vertebrobasilar territory. Along with neurological examination, we used MRI of the brain and the cervical spine, MRI-angiography, ultrasound Doppler method, EEG, ECG, clinical and biochemical blood testing. Cognitive functions were assessed using standard neuropsychological tests (a word retrieval test, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Frontal Assessment battery, the Schulte test, the Landolt test, Wechsler tests, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and others).

[Pathogenesis of esophageal and gastric varicose veins formation in patients with liver cirrhosis].

Research Objective: studying the features of the collateral venous blood flow and the basic ways of the formation of gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Methods: The following analysis is based on the interpretation of results from percutaneous transhepatic splenoportography in 85 patients. It has been established that in all 85 patients the left gastric vein plays a key role in the formation of gastroesophageal varices.

[Anesthesia at surgery of the lung with destructive tuberculosis].

The article summarizes the experience of 285 anesthesia conducted on patients with destructive tuberculosis from 2000 to 2008. The specific features of the perioperative period, the function monitoring of vital viscera, the technical features of the surgery period, risk factors of postoperative complications and principles of their prevention and correction are considered.

[Molecular genetic and bacteriological methods for the diagnosis of multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis].

For the early diagnosis of multidrug resistant tuberculosis, 67 sputum samples obtained from primary patients with different clinical forms of pulmonary tuberculosis were examined by the molecular genetic test using the TB-Biochip test system. Having a high sensitivity and specificity, the molecular genetic test for determining the drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis substantially accelerates its diagnosis (2-3 days) before the real-time mode of a patient's admission to the clinic. The method allows identification of mutations in the rpoB (resistance to R), katG, inhG, and ahpC (resistance to H) genes, which permits timely correction of performed specific treatment.

[Characteristics of Coxsackie A enteroviruses circulating in children in Azerbaijan].

Spectrum of serotypes of Coxsackie A virus and several others markers of virions, which cause enterovirus infection in children in Azerbaijan, was determined. Symptom of myotropism was used as a clinical sign. It was shown that enteroviruses were most frequently detected (41.

[The etiological pattern of acute respiratory virus infections in Baku in 2002-2006].

The etiological pattern of respiratory viral infections was detected in Baku in 2002-2006. There was a high proportion of influenza A virus in the occurrence of respiratory infections in Baku in 2002-2006. There was no relationship of the detection of various respiratory viral infections to age and sex in Baku in the above period.

[Effectiveness of PCR analysis in the diagnostics of tuberculosis].

To discover DNA of mycobacterium and evaluate chemotherapy efficiency of pulmonary tuberculosis Polimerize Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis was performed. Different pathological materials of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and those with nonspecific lung diseases had been examined. Phlegm sample had been carried out regularly by means of PCR analysis and traditional microbiological methods.

[Measures of prevention of diffuse peritonitis after operations for colorectal cancer].

An experience with treatment of postoperative complications in patients with colorectal cancer in specialized and surgical hospitals and an analysis of results of treatment of patients with incompetent intestinal anastomoses depending on the surgical strategy have shown that reoperations for exclusion of the gut with the incompetent anastomosis with the first symptoms of a developing complication allows prevention of possible complication.

Effects of low-affinity NMDA receptor channel blockers in two rat models of chronic pain.

In contrast to conventional opioid analgesics, antagonists acting at the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors are capable of suppressing pain-related phenomena in chronic pain models while having little or no effect on acute nociception. One of the few clinically used NMDA receptor antagonists, memantine, differs from prototypic antagonists with psychotomimetic activity such as phencyclidine and (+)MK-801, in showing lower receptor affinity, faster unblocking kinetics and stronger voltage-dependency. Recently, a series of novel amino-alkyl-cyclohexanes was reported to interact with NMDA receptors in a manner similar to that of memantine.

[Temporary occlusion of the bronchi in patients with bronchial fistula].

Temporary bronchial occlusion to reestablish air tightness of the resected lung has been performed in 42 patients. Persistent expanding of the lung occurred within 2-3 days in a single early bronchial occlusion (on day 1-2). In late occlusion (on day 10-15) the residual pleural cavity disappears on day 30-35.

[A voltametric study of the role of the noradrenaline innervation of the hippocampus in cats in paradoxical sleep].

By the method of cyclic voltammetry with carbon fibrous electrodes the signal of 0.1 V was recorded from the dorsal hippocampus of male cats during natural sleep. Systemic injection of 50 mg of L-DOPA and 2.