Tumor irradiation may facilitate the detection of tumor-specific mutations in plasma.

Background: The mutation-based analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising diagnostic tool for clinical oncology. However, it has low success rate because many cancer patients do not have detectable ctDNA in the bloodstream.

Aim: To evaluate whether preoperative tumor irradiation results in a transient increase of plasma ctDNA concentration due to the induction of apoptosis in radiation-exposed cells.

[Dilated cardiomyopathy as a cause of ischemic stroke].

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) is a disease of the myocardium characterized by the dilatation of heart cavities with the development of systolic dysfunction but without a decrease in the thickness of the myocardium. DCMP is a frequent cause of cardioembolic syndrome, in particular cardioembolic ischemic stroke (CES). A case of a patient with DCMP after CES is presented.

[Results of surgical treatment of cholelithiasis by laparotomic and minimally invasive accesses].

The article presents the results of surgical treatment of 1038 patients with cholelithiasis, acute and chronic calculous cholecystitis and complicated forms of the disease. Operations were performed with traditional laparotomic and minimally invasive approaches. Indications for choosing access, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various options of surgery in patients with cholelithiasis are discussed.

[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in case of acute cholecystitis].

The article describes the results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis. 97 patients including 13 men and 84 women aged from 20 to 74 years were included in the study. There was not the conversion to laparotomy and intraoperative complications in all cases.

[Minilaparotomy cholecystectomy in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis].

It was done the analysis of surgical treatment results of 383 patients with the exacerbation of chronic calculous cholecystitis and acute obstructive calculous cholecystitis. All patients were operated from traditional and minilaparotomy approaches. Positive results were obtained in 93.

[The minilaparotomy cholecystectomy in patients with calculous cholecystitis].

The article presents the results of surgical treatment of 596 patients with cholelithiasis, operated with minilaparotomy access. Good results were obtained in 93% of patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis, as well as acute inflammation. This access is provided a low number of intraoperative and postoperative complications.

[Results of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients].

The results of 165 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were analyzed. All patients were divided into two groups according their age: the 1st group embrased patients from 60 years and older and the 2nd group included younger patients. The mean operative time was 89.

[The quality of life after cholecystectomy].

The quality of life (QOL) of three groups of patients who had undergone the routine cholecystectomy (RCE), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCE), or cholecystectomy using the minilaparatomy approach (MCE). QOL was assessed using the standard SF-36 questionnaire and on selected criteria. The postoperative complications rate after any version of cholecystectomy did not exceed the average rate in other studies.

[Prognostic value of parameters of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with carotid ischemic stroke].

We studied the dynamics of neurological deficit and parameters of the blood flow through middle cerebral arteries in 97 patients with acute ischemic stroke (IS). Absolute and relative parameters of the blood flow were compared to the severity of neurological deficit in the 1st, 5-7th and 21-23rd days. There was a strong correlation between the asymmetry in blood flow velocity in the first day of II and NIHSS scores in 21-23rd days (r= -0,96; p<0,01).

[The laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients].

The laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients. The treatment results of 142 patients with the cholelithiasis aged 23-84 years are represented. The operated patients were divided in two groups: those, younger 60 years; and the older patients, who were operated on laparoscopically.

[Current principles and approaches to the treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer].

The short-term treatment results of 91 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer are presented. All patients received surgical treatment and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The chemoradiotherapy effect was evaluated by comparison of pre- and post-therapeutic MRI data.

[Clinical aspects of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: experience of genetic consultation].

Five-ten percent of early-onset (up to age of 50) colorectal cancers are regarded as being inherited. Positive results of a medical genetic examination call for microsatellite instability test. However, that method is not absolutely reliable because although all microsatellite instability tests for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer are positive, microsatellite instability of tumor DNA occurs in 15% of sporadic colorectal carcinoma.

EPR spin probe study of polymer associative systems.

Molecular dynamics of polyacrylamide gels, polymeric micelles and hydrogel of polyacrylic acid and macrodiisocyanate was investigated by the ESR spectroscopy of spin probes. The local mobility in network junction of polyacrylamide gels is found to be essentially slower than that in the micelles created by the low molecular weight detergents and does not depend on the amount and length of hydrophobic groups (C9 or C12) in the polymer chain. The immersion of 10-30 mol.

Molecular organization and dynamics of micellar phase of polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes: ESR spin probe study.

Molecular dynamics and organization of the micellar phase of complexes of linear polyelectrolytes with ionogenic and non-ionogenic surfactants was studied by the ESR spin probe method. Complexes of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and sodium polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) with alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (ATAB), as well as complexes of poly-N,N'-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDACL) with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) were studied. The micellar phase of such complexes is highly organized molecular system, molecular ordering of which near the polymeric chain is much higher than in the 'center' of the micelle, it depends on the polymer-detergent interaction, flexibility of polymeric chain and length of carbonic part of the detergent molecule.

[Hemodynamic disorders in patients with ischemic heart disease after aortocoronary bypass during transportation from the operating room to intensive care units and their prevention].

Changes in homeostasis of 33 coronary patients after aortocoronary shunting, developing in the course of transportation of the patients to reanimation department, were studied. The causes of some shifts in the homeostasis were revealed. Methods for the prevention and therapy of these disorders were developed.

[Effect of Bacillus mucilaginosus biomass on the exocrine function of the pancreas in piglets].

The effect of mucous bacilli on the excretory activity of pancreas in pigs has been investigated. The use of biomass at doses of 0.1, 0.