[Comparative assessment of the five-year results of surgical, combined, radiation and chemoradiotherapy in laryngeal cancer (T3N0M0)].

Four modalities of specific treatment for laryngeal cancer were compared in 158 patients. Five-year survival after chemoradiotherapy using cisplatin, 5-FU and bleomycin plus irradiation (65-70 Gy) was 87% versus 69.7; 66.

[Long-term results of hyperfractionated radiotherapy in patients with stage III-IV oropharyngeal carcinoma].

Radiotherapy was given to 139 patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma (stage III-IV) divided into two groups. Group I included 82 patients who received three daily equal fractions (1 Gy), at 4 hr interval, of a mean total focal dose of 80 Gy. Patients in group II (57) received a mean total dose of 68 Gy in 5 weekly standard fractions.

[The treatment procedure in olfactory (esthesioneurogenic) tumors].

In 1968-1988, eleven cases of olfactory neurogenic tumors were seen at The All-Union Center for Oncology Research, Moscow which made up 9.5% of the total of nasal cavity cancers. Morphologically, esthesioneurocytoma was diagnosed in two patients whereas esthesioneuroblastoma--in nine.

[Results of the treatment of cancer of the movable part of the tongue with clinically intact regional lymph nodes].

A study was made of the frequency of metastatic spreading to the regional neck lymph nodes and long-term results of therapy of 126 patients with cancer of the movable part of the tongue with clinically intact regional lymph nodes of the neck. With regard to an employed modality (irradiation, alone and in combination with surgery, surgery and observation) the frequency of metastatic spreading to the neck lymph nodes was 20, 7, 17, and 34%, respectively, and 22% for the whole group. The 5-year survival rates were 79, 50, 49, and 67%, and 61% for the whole group.

[Causes of late diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer].

By the onset of specific therapy of 240 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer 96.6% of them were in stage III (20%) and stage IV (76.6%) of the disease.

[Radiation exposure and local hyperthermia in the treatment of prostatic cancer].

During the recent two decades, radiation therapy has become a major intervention for prostatic cancer, especially in patients without remote metastases. Most recently local hyperthermia has been recruited for selective potentiation of radiation effects on the tumor. This study involved 81 patients with the prostatic cancer T2-4NxM0.

[Comparative evaluation of radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in inoperable cancer of the esophagus].

The paper is concerned with the results of radiation therapy and three variants of chemoradiotherapy of 174 patients with inoperable esophageal cancer. Altogether 151 (87%) patients were given treatment from beginning to end. Complete tumor regression was noted in 41% of the patients after chemoradiotherapy and in 29%--after radiotherapy.

[Long-term results of complex and combined treatment of locally advanced cancer of the oral mucosa].

The analysis of data on 93 cases of stage III-IV cancer of the oral mucosa showed the superiority of combined treatment over complex in terms of five-year survival: 47 and 20%, respectively (p less than 0.01). However, no significant difference in respect to that parameter was established between the combined treatment group and patients rendered disease-free with complex therapy: 47 and 40%, respectively (p greater than 0.

[Hyperfractionated irradiation of malignant head and neck tumors].

A comparative analysis of results with hyperfractionated tele-gamma-irradiation was done in 75 patients with locally advanced head and neck tumors (mainly stage III-IV) with different partition of the daily dose. The patients were divided among three groups. In group I (33 patients) the radiotherapy was carried out with 1.

[Prognosis of survival time in year prior to the start of radiotherapy of epidermoid carcinoma].

The results of radiation therapy of 117 patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma taking into account yearly survival were analyzed. Clinico-laboratory and roentgenological factors of prognosis were identified. The use of methods of mathematical statistics and a method of structural risk minimization made it possible to work out a decision rule permitting prognosis of yearly outcome of disease with the minimal probability of 72% even before the start of radiation therapy.

[Assessment of different variants of hyperfractionated irradiation in cancer of the naso- and oropharynx and of the oral mucosa].

The authors presented comparative analysis of the results of hyperfractionated gamma-irradiation of 75 patients with locally advanced head and neck tumors (stages II-IV) in various types of daily dose fractionation. 33 patients of the 1st group received radiotherapy at a dose of 1.2 Gy twice a day at a 6h-interval up to a total dose of 70-75 Gy, 23 patients of the 2nd group were irradiated at a dose of 1 Gy 3 times a day at a 3h-interval up to a total dose of 60-65 Gy, 19 patients of the 3rd group were irradiated at a dose of 1 Gy 5 times a day up to a total dose of 60 Gy.

[Electron microscopy study of the cooperative interaction of immunocompetent cells in the liver of patients with chronic active hepatitis B].

Electron microscopic examinations of liver biopsies from patients with chronic active hepatitis B (CAH) revealed close contact of macrophages with lymphocytes in the lumen of sinusoids, penetration of lymphocytes into the liver bulk and connection of their processes with hepatocytes. Hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes was detected. The above results indicate that cooperation of the immunocompetent cells with lymphocyte killer effect is one of the pathogenetic mechanisms in the formation of a complicated infectious process in CAH.

[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemo-radiotherapy of stage III-IV nasopharyngeal cancer].

The paper is concerned with the results of radiation and chemoradiotherapy of stage III-IV rhinopharyngeal cancer. Short- and long-term therapeutic results, the time of a recurrence-free course, the frequency of recurrences and metastasizing, expression of reactions, and complications were used as criteria. The most effective method of combined therapy of locally spread rhinopharyngeal cancer was polychemotherapy (bleomycetin, methotrexate, vinblastine, and cyclophosphamide) before irradiation with subsequent maintenance cyclophosphamide chemotherapy once in 4 weeks for 3-6 months.

[Postradiation pericarditis in lymphogranulomatosis patients].

Postradiation pericarditis was diagnosed in 11 of 52 patients treated for lymphogranulomatosis with radiation applied to enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. The risk of postradiation pericarditis is greater in cases of high radiation doses (more than 45 Gy) and in patients with postradiation pneumonitis. Postradiation pericarditis can develop both during the exposure and long after radiation therapy; therefore long-term follow-up is required for these patients.

[Combination gamma-therapy of cancer of the oral mucosa].

The authors analysed the results of therapy of 72 oral mucosa cancer patients who had received combined modality radiotherapy using at the stage of intracavitary irradiation sources of 60Co of a raised dose rate on the afterloading AGAT unit. Forty four patients received irradiation as part of combined modality therapy, 28 were treated by irradiation only. Two variants of combined modality radiotherapy were employed: gamma-beam and intracavitary irradiation was given simultaneously on the same day; consecutively alternating gamma-beam (on the 1st day) and intracavitary (on the 2nd day) irradiation.

Epstein-Barr viral serology in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in the USSR and Cuba, and its value for differential diagnosis of the disease.

Serological responses to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated antigens were studied in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients in 2 countries non-endemic for the disease: the USSR (77 cases) and Cuba (55 cases). Two age- and sex-matched control groups were available, one consisting of patients with other head-and-neck tumours (OHNT) (171 from the USSR and 56 from Cuba), and the other of normal individuals (blood donors) (83 from the USSR and 80 from Cuba). Unlike the control groups, NPC patients from both countries had high levels of IgG and IgA antibodies, similar to those seen in patients from endemic areas.