Preparation of Bioactive Polyamide Fibres Modified with Acetanilide and Copper Sulphate.

This paper presents a simple method of obtaining polyamide 6 fibres modified with acetanilide and copper ions. During the spinning of the fibres with the additives applied, a partial reduction of CuSO to Cu and Cu ions occurs, which is observed as a change in the blue colour of the prepared polyamide granulate to the grey-brown colour of the formed fibres. CuMPs obtained as a result of the salt reduction should give the obtained fibres bioactive properties.

The effect of pre-treatment and anaerobic digestion for pathogens reduction in agricultural utilization of sewage sludge.

The aim of the research work was to explain the possibilities of application of waste activated sludge (WAS) pretreatment processes prior to anaerobic digestion (mesophilic fermentation). Hydrodynamic disintegration and freezing/thawing disintegration methods were used. Based on the microbiological and parasitological analyses, a significant decrease in pathogenic bacteria, coliphages, and parasite eggs was observed.

Graphene Oxide and Stabilized Ortho-Silicic Acid as Modifiers of Amnion and Burn Affected Skin: A Comparative Study.

Introduction: Oxidative tissue damage caused by reactive oxygen species results in a significant decrease in the total antioxidant capacity of the biological system. The aim of this interdisciplinary study was to answer the question of whether active antioxidants modify, at a molecular and supramolecular level, the tissue of pathological amnion and the necrotic eschar degraded in thermal burn.

Methods: A Nicolet 6700 Fourier-transform spectrophotometer with OMNIC software and the EasiDiff diffusion accessory were used in the FTIR spectroscopic analysis.

Nanocomposite Cellulose Fibres Doped with Graphene Oxide and Their Biocidal Properties.

The paper presents a method of obtaining composite cellulose fibres (CEL) doped with graphene oxide (GO) and the influence of GO nanoparticles on the structure and properties of the obtained fibres. Composite fibres (GO/CEL) were prepared using wet method from 5% CEL solutions in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) containing GO (0; 0.21; 0.

Stabilized Ortho-Silicic Acid as a Modifier of Tissue-Preliminary Comparative Biomaterial Studies.

The ortho-silicic acid (H₄SiO₄) plays an essential role in delivering silicon to body cells and the monomeric ortho-silicic acid is the most bioavailable source of silicon for humans. This study reveals that the ortho-silicic acid (OSA) modifies the tissue of a healthy and pathological hypotrophic amnion, thermal burn skin and, additionally, the OSA-incubated serum. Changes in the tissue modified by the ortho-silicic acid were traced on the molecular level with the use of FTIR spectroscopy.

Preparation of Antimicrobial Fibres from the EVOH/EPC Blend Containing Silver Nanoparticles.

The article presents a new fabrication method for bioactive fibres with a microporous structure of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH)/ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPC) blends. The experimental work carried out resulted in obtaining EVOH/EPC polymer blends fibres with the addition of glycerol and sodium stearate. Different concentrations of glycerol (38%, 32%) and sodium stearate (2%, 8%) were used to prepare the fibres.

The Influence of Graphene Addition on the Properties of Composite rGO/PAN Membranes and Their Potential Application for Water Disinfection.

The paper presents a method of obtaining composite polyacrylonitrile-based (PAN) membranes with the addition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The membranes were obtained using phase inversion method from a homogeneous rGO dispersion in a solution of PAN dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The impact of the amount of rGO addition to the PAN matrix on the physicochemical, structural, transport, and separation properties and on fouling resistance was studied.

Waste-activated sludge disruption by dry ice: bench scale study and evaluation of heat phase transformations.

The freezing process consists of dissipating heat from the product until the final temperature is lower than the temperature of crystallisation of that product. Freezing can be used for numerous applications, including for disruption of waste-activated sludge (WAS). The aim of this study was to calculate the estimated amount of heat conveyed between the solidified carbon dioxide and the WAS, in the following ratios: 0.

Synergetic disintegration of waste activated sludge: improvement of the anaerobic digestion and hygienization of sludge.

The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a hybrid disintegration process with the use of alkalization and freezing by dry ice on waste activated sludge (WAS) and on the course of the process of mesophilic methane fermentation. In order to achieve the mentioned goal, various analytical techniques were used for assessment of the sludge disintegration and its influence on the further biogas production. As a result of the investigation, it was found that the chemical-thermal process of destruction of WAS results in an increased concentration of organic compounds in the supernatant (expressed as a change in the value of the soluble chemical oxygen demand - SCOD).

Investigation of the effectiveness of nutrient release from sludge foam after hybrid pretreatment processes by IR analysis and EDX Quantification.

One of the problems in wastewater treatment technologies is the formation of foam/scum. It is thought that filamentous microorganisms are responsible for foam formation and foam elimination/destruction can be carried out by various methods, among which disintegration is included. Hybrid disintegration (chemical decomposition and hydrodynamic cavitation) of foam microorganisms results in the transfer of phosphates, ammonium nitrogen, magnesium and potassium from the foam solids into the liquid phase.

Inhibitors of thermally induced burn incidents – characterization by microbiological procedure, electrophoresis, SEM, DSC and IR spectroscopy.

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) investigations, acetate electrophoresis (CAE), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and microbiological procedures were all carried out after heating the samples to a temperature sufficient for simulating a burn incident. In particular, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of antioxidants, such as fucoidan from brown seaweed and flame-retardant cyclic organophosphates and phosphonates, on an organic chicken skin that gets changed by a burn incident. DSC was considered to be a useful tool in assessing in vitro temperature-mediated cross-linking; an innovative analytical conclusion was obtained from the experimentation described in the paper.

Infrared wave analysis after hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation as effective method of confirming sewage sludge destruction.

The efficiency of disintegration of sewage sludge cells microorganisms were characterized using biochemical parameters such as COD, phosphate, ammonium nitrogen and proteins. The investigated process was additionally assessed using the coefficient DD (Degree of Disintegration). It has been demonstrated that a 30-min of hydrodynamic and ultrasonic disintegration causes the soluble COD value increased about 300 mg /L and 190 mg /L (average), while the degree of disintegration reached 24% and 21%, respectively.

Use of hydrodynamic disintegration to accelerate anaerobic digestion of surplus activated sludge.

Hydrodynamic disintegration of activated sludge resulted in organic matter and polymers transfer from the solid phase into the liquid phase. Disintegration by hydrodynamic cavitation had a positive effect on the degree and rate of excess sludge anaerobic digestion. Also, addition of a part of anaerobic digested sludge containing adapted microorganisms resulted in acceleration of the process.

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal and recovery.

Activated sludge systems designed for enhanced nutrient removal are based on the principle of altering anaerobic and aerobic conditions for growth of microorganisms with a high capacity of phosphorus accumulation. Most often, filamentous bacteria constitute a component of the activated sludge microflora. The filamentous microorganisms are responsible for foam formation and activated sludge bulking.