Probiotic-Induced Modulation of Microbiota Composition and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Load, an In Vitro Assessment.

The imbalance of the gut microbiota (GM) is known as dysbiosis and is associated with disorders such as obesity. The increasing prevalence of microorganisms harboring antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in the GM has been reported as a potential risk for spreading multi-drug-resistant pathogens. The objective of this work was the evaluation, in a fecal culture model, of different probiotics for their ability to modulate GM composition and ARG levels on two population groups, extremely obese (OB) and normal-weight (NW) subjects.

Commensal Fecal Microbiota Profiles Associated with Initial Stages of Intestinal Mucosa Damage: A Pilot Study.

Progressive intestinal mucosal damage occurs over years prior to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The endoscopic screening of polyps and histopathological examination are used clinically to determine the risk and progression of mucosal lesions. We analyzed fecal microbiota compositions using 16S rRNA gene-based metataxonomic analyses and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) using gas chromatography in volunteers undergoing colonoscopy and histopathological analyses to determine the microbiota shifts occurring at the early stages of intestinal mucosa alterations.

2-Fucosyllactose Metabolism by Bifidobacteria Promotes Lactobacilli Growth in Co-Culture.

Breastfeeding is recognized as the gold standard in infant nutrition, not only because of breastmilk's intrinsic nutritional benefits but also due to the high content of different bioactive components such as 2-fucosyllactose (2'FL) in the mother's milk. It promotes the growth of its two major consumers, ssp. and , but the effect on other intestinal microorganisms of infant microbiota remains incompletely understood.

Dietary xenobiotics, (poly)phenols and fibers: Exploring associations with gut microbiota in socially vulnerable individuals.

Objectives: Although xenobiotics derived from food processing may cause modifications in the composition of the gut microbiota (GM) evidence is scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of potential dietary carcinogens as heterocyclic amines (HAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrates, nitrites, nitroso compounds and acrylamide, in combination to fibers (poly)phenols on the GM composition in a group of materially deprived subjects.

Study Design: Transversal observational study in a sample of 19 subjects recipients of Red Cross food aid.

In Vitro Probiotic Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota and 2'Fucosyllactose Consumption in Fecal Cultures from Infants at Two Months of Age.

2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) is one of the most abundant oligosaccharides in human milk, with benefits on neonatal health. Previous results point to the inability of the fecal microbiota from some infants to ferment 2'FL. We evaluated a probiotic formulation, including the strains Rosell-52 (R0052), subsp.

Role of Bifidobacteria on Infant Health.

Bifidobacteria are among the predominant microorganisms during infancy, being a dominant microbial group in the healthy breastfed infant and playing a crucial role in newborns and infant development. Not only the levels of the genus but also the profile and quantity of the different bifidobacterial species have been demonstrated to be of relevance to infant health. Although no definitive proof is available on the causal association, reduced levels of bifidobacteria are perhaps the most frequently observed alteration of the intestinal microbiota in infant diseases.

Influence of 2'-Fucosyllactose on the Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Activity of Fecal Cultures from Breastfed and Formula-Fed Infants at Two Months of Age.

Although breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition for infant feeding, some circumstances may make breastfeeding difficult. Several commercial milk preparations include synthetic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in their composition. However, the effect of HMOs on the establishment of the intestinal microbiota remains incompletely understood.

Early-Life Development of the Bifidobacterial Community in the Infant Gut.

The establishment of the gut microbiota poses implications for short and long-term health. is an important taxon in early life, being one of the most abundant genera in the infant intestinal microbiota and carrying out key functions for maintaining host-homeostasis. Recent metagenomic studies have shown that different factors, such as gestational age, delivery mode, or feeding habits, affect the gut microbiota establishment at high phylogenetic levels.

Selection of Probiotics for Microbiota Modulation in Normal-Weight and Severely Obese Individuals: Focus on Gas Production and Interaction With Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

The intestinal microbiota plays important roles in the maintenance of health. Strategies aiming at its modulation, such as probiotics, have received a deal of attention. Several strains have been studied in different models; however, the correlation of results obtained with the data has been limited.

Impact of Extreme Obesity and Diet-Induced Weight Loss on the Fecal Metabolome and Gut Microbiota.

Scope: A limited number of human studies have characterized fecal microbiota and metabolome in extreme obesity and after diet-induced weight loss.

Methods And Results: Fecal samples from normal-weight and extremely obese adults and from obese participants before and after moderate diet-induced weight loss are evaluated for their interaction with the intestinal adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 using an impedance-based in vitro model, which reveals variations in the interaction between the gut microbiota and host linked to obesity status. Microbiota composition, short chain fatty acids, and other intestinal metabolites are further analyzed to assess the interplay among diet, gut microbiota, and host in extreme obesity.

Effect of inulin-type fructans and galactooligosaccharides on cultures of strains isolated in Algeria from camel's milk and human colostrum.

Bacteria from the genus are responsible for spontaneous food fermentations. Some species, such as and , have the "Qualified Presumption of Safety" status recognized by the European Food Safety Authority. Several of their strains are used as probiotics in foods and sometimes are included in synbiotic combinations together with prebiotics.

An Overview on Fecal Branched Short-Chain Fatty Acids Along Human Life and as Related With Body Mass Index: Associated Dietary and Anthropometric Factors.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the main bacterial products of the catabolism of carbohydrates and proteins in the gut, and their role is essential in host-microbiota interactions. Acetic, propionic, and butyric acids are the major SCFA produced in the gut, and they have been extensively studied. In contrast, branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFA), mainly isovaleric and isobutyric acids, are produced in less amounts and their fecal levels in different human groups, intestinal microbial producing populations, and influence on health are insufficiently known.

In Vitro Evaluation of Different Prebiotics on the Modulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Function in Morbid Obese and Normal-Weight Subjects.

The gut microbiota remains relatively stable during adulthood; however, certain intrinsic and environmental factors can lead to microbiota dysbiosis. Its restoration towards a healthy condition using best-suited prebiotics requires previous development of in vitro models for evaluating their functionality. Herein, we carried out fecal cultures with microbiota from healthy normal-weight and morbid obese adults.

Microbiome: Effects of Ageing and Diet.

The microbial community inhabiting our intestine, known as 'microbiota', and the ensemble of their genomes (microbiome) regulate important functions of the host, being essential for health maintenance. The recent development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods has greatly facilitated the study of the microbiota and has contributed to evidence of the strong influence exerted by age and diet. However, the precise way in which the diet and its components modify the functionality of the intestinal microbiome is far from being completely known.

Healthspan and lifespan extension by fecal microbiota transplantation into progeroid mice.

The gut microbiome is emerging as a key regulator of several metabolic, immune and neuroendocrine pathways. Gut microbiome deregulation has been implicated in major conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease and cancer, but its precise role in aging remains to be elucidated. Here, we find that two different mouse models of progeria are characterized by intestinal dysbiosis with alterations that include an increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, and a decrease in the abundance of Verrucomicrobia.

Intestinal Immunomodulation and Shifts on the Gut Microbiota of BALB/c Mice Promoted by Two and Strains Isolated from Human Samples.

subsp. IPLA 20020 and IPLA 20212, two strains isolated from human samples, were evaluated for safety and influence over the intestinal microbiota and cytokine production by the intestinal tissue of adult BALB/c mice. Mice were divided into four groups receiving during 8 days PBS or a suspension of each strain, prepared fresh or lyophilized (bifidobacteria), at an amount of 4x10 viable cells/day.

Xenobiotics Formed during Food Processing: Their Relation with the Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer.

The colonic epithelium is exposed to a mixture of compounds through diet, among which some are procarcinogens, whereas others have a protective effect. Therefore, the net impact of these compounds on human health depends on the overall balance between all factors involved. Strong scientific evidence has demonstrated the relationship between nitrosamines (NA), heterocyclic amines (HCAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are the major genotoxins derived from cooking and food processing, and cancer.

Early microbiota, antibiotics and health.

The colonization of the neonatal digestive tract provides a microbial stimulus required for an adequate maturation towards the physiological homeostasis of the host. This colonization, which is affected by several factors, begins with facultative anaerobes and continues with anaerobic genera. Accumulating evidence underlines the key role of the early neonatal period for this microbiota-induced maturation, being a key determinant factor for later health.

CFH polymorphisms in a Northern Spanish population with neovascular and dry forms of age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To elucidate the potential role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in complement factor H (CFH) gene in Northern Spanish patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: A case-control study of 130 unrelated native Northern Spanish diagnosed with AMD (46 dry, 35 neovascular and 49 mixed) and 96 healthy controls matched by age and ethnicity were enrolled. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and genotyped for AMD-associated SNPs (rs3753394, rs529825, rs800292, rs3766404, rs203674, rs10671170, rs3753396 and rs1065489) using TaqMan probes and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).