Nitric Oxide Regulates the Type III Secretion System.

causes bacterial wilt disease on diverse plant hosts. cells enter a host from soil or infested water through the roots, then multiply and spread in the water-transporting xylem vessels. Despite the low nutrient content of xylem sap, grows very well inside the host, using denitrification to respire in this hypoxic environment.

Plant-Pathogenic Phylotypes Evolved Divergent Respiratory Strategies and Behaviors To Thrive in Xylem.

Bacterial pathogens in the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) infect the water-transporting xylem vessels of plants, causing bacterial wilt disease. Strains in RSSC phylotypes I and III can reduce nitrate to dinitrogen via complete denitrification. The four-step denitrification pathway enables bacteria to use inorganic nitrogen species as terminal electron acceptors, supporting their growth in oxygen-limited environments such as biofilms or plant xylem.

Tomato deploys defence and growth simultaneously to resist bacterial wilt disease.

Plant disease limits crop production, and host genetic resistance is a major means of control. Plant pathogenic Ralstonia causes bacterial wilt disease and is best controlled with resistant varieties. Tomato wilt resistance is multigenic, yet the mechanisms of resistance remain largely unknown.

NorA, HmpX, and NorB Cooperate to Reduce NO Toxicity during Denitrification and Plant Pathogenesis in .

Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt disease of many crops, requires denitrifying respiration to survive in its plant host. In the hypoxic environment of plant xylem vessels, this pathogen confronts toxic oxidative radicals like nitric oxide (NO), which is generated by both bacterial denitrification and host defenses. R.

Complete Genome Resources for Bacterial Wilt Strains UW763 (Phylotype I); Rs5 and UW700 (Phylotype II); and UW386, RUN2474, and RUN2279 (Phylotype III).

We share whole genome sequences of six strains from the species complex, a diverse group of that cause plant vascular wilt diseases. Using single-molecule real-time technology, we sequenced and assembled full genomes of Rs5 and UW700, two phylotype IA-sequevar 7 (IIA-7) strains from the southeastern United States that are closely related to the species type strain, K60, but were isolated >50 years later. Four sequenced strains from Africa include a soil isolate from Nigeria (UW386, III-23), a tomato isolate from Senegal (UW763, I-14), and two potato isolates from the Madagascar highlands (RUN2474, III-19 and RUN2279, III-60).

Genome Resource: Phylotype II Sequevar 1 (Race 3 Biovar 2) Strain UW848 From the 2020 U.S. Geranium Introduction.

phylotype II sequevar 1 (II-1, formerly race 3 biovar 2) causes tomato bacterial wilt, potato brown rot, and Southern wilt of geranium. Strains in II-1 cause wilting in potato and tomato at cooler temperatures than tropical lowland strains. Although periodically introduced, II-1 has not established in the United States.

Ralstonia solanacearum uses inorganic nitrogen metabolism for virulence, ATP production, and detoxification in the oxygen-limited host xylem environment.

Unlabelled: Genomic data predict that, in addition to oxygen, the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum can use nitrate (NO3(-)), nitrite (NO2(-)), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N2O) as terminal electron acceptors (TEAs). Genes encoding inorganic nitrogen reduction were highly expressed during tomato bacterial wilt disease, when the pathogen grows in xylem vessels. Direct measurements found that tomato xylem fluid was low in oxygen, especially in plants infected by R.