Targeting Relevant HDACs to Support the Survival of Cone Photoreceptors in Inherited Retinal Diseases: Identification of a Potent Pharmacological Tool with In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy.

Inherited retinal diseases, which include retinitis pigmentosa, are a family of genetic disorders characterized by gradual rod-cone degeneration and vision loss, without effective pharmacological treatments. Experimental approaches aim to delay disease progression, supporting cones' survival, crucial for human vision. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate the activation of epigenetic and nonepigenetic pathways that modulate cone degeneration in RP mouse models.

Sex-Dependent Metabolic Effects in Diet-Induced Obese Rats following Intermittent Fasting Compared with Continuous Food Restriction.

Recently, intermittent fasting has gained relevance as a strategy to lose weight and improve health as an alternative to continuous caloric restriction. However, the metabolic impact and the sex-related differences are not fully understood. The study aimed to compare the response to a continuous or intermittent caloric restriction in male and female rats following a previous induction of obesity through a cafeteria diet by assessing changes in body weight, energy intake, metabolic parameters, and gene expression in liver hepatic and adipose tissue.

Macrophage re-programming by JAK inhibitors relies on MAFB.

Monocyte-derived macrophages play a key pathogenic role in inflammatory diseases. In the case of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the presence of specific synovial tissue-infiltrating macrophage subsets is associated with either active disease or inflammation resolution. JAK inhibitors (JAKi) are the first targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARD) approved for treatment of RA with comparable efficacy to biologics.

Chemical Composition of Wild Collected and Cultivated Edible Plants ( L. and L.).

The present work investigates the nutritional and bioactive composition, as well as the organoleptic and sensory properties, of and , two wild plant species traditionally used in the gastronomy of the Mediterranean area. Additionally, the effect of cultivation on leaf composition was assessed to explore their potential for large-scale production and commercialization from the point of view of possible losses or gains in quality. Both species were characterized as a good source of bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, pro-vitamins and carotenoids, with health-promoting and antioxidant properties that are highly appreciated.

Species and Mycotoxins Associated with Sorghum Grains in Uruguay.

Grain mold and stalk rot are among the fungal diseases that cause significant losses in sorghum worldwide and are caused by different spp. The presence of species in sorghum grains causes yield losses and mycotoxin contamination, which represents a risk to consumers. In this study, species complex (FGSC) had a high incidence, followed by species complex (FFSC) and species complex.

Impact of a Pediatric Emergency Medicine Pharmacist, Institutional Guideline, and Electronic Order Set on Empiric Antimicrobial Use for Febrile Neutropenia.

Objectives: This study evaluated the difference in appropriateness of antimicrobial selection in pediatric patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) after implementation of an institutional guideline, a dedicated pediatric emergency medicine (EM) pharmacist, and an electronic order set.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that included febrile patients aged younger than 18 years who were at risk of neutropenia, as defined by our institutional algorithm. Charts were evaluated for inclusion by searching for patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) between February 2018 and January 2022 who had International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes for patients at risk of FN.

Dietary microplastics: Occurrence, exposure and health implications.

The increasing use of plastic materials generates an enormous amount of waste. In the aquatic environment, a significant part of this waste is present in the form of microplastics (MPs)- particles with a diameter of between 0.1 μm and 5 mm.

Effect of metformin on microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Examine the efficacy of metformin compared to placebo or other glucose-lowering medications on microvascular outcomes in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from database inception to March 2020. We included randomized clinical trials of patients with T2DM receiving metformin compared with another active glucose-lowering treatment or placebo in which a microvascular outcome was assessed.

Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scanning in contemporary patients with pulmonary embolism: utilization rates and predictors of use in a multinational study.

Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) imaging and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) are common tools for acute pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis. Limited contemporary data exist about the utilization of each modality, including the predictors of using V/Q versus CTPA. We used the data from patients diagnosed with PE using V/Q or CTPA from 2007 to 2019 in Registro Informatizado Enfermedad ThromboEmbolica, an international prospective registry of patients with venous thromboembolism.

Silica Nanoparticles Inhibit Responses to ATP in Human Airway Epithelial 16HBE Cells.

Because of their low cost and easy production, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are widely used in multiple manufacturing applications as anti-caking, densifying and hydrophobic agents. However, this has increased the exposure levels of the general population and has raised concerns about the toxicity of this nanomaterial. SiNPs affect the function of the airway epithelium, but the biochemical pathways targeted by these particles remain largely unknown.

The Golden Hour: Sustainability and Clinical Outcomes of Adequate Time to Antibiotic Administration in Children with Cancer and Febrile Neutropenia in Northwestern Mexico.

Purpose: Time to antibiotic administration (TTA) is a commonly used standard of care in pediatric cancer settings in high-income countries. Effective interventions to improve outcomes in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) often address timely and appropriate antibiotic administration. We assessed the effectiveness of a locally adapted multimodal strategy in decreasing TTA in a resource-constrained pediatric cancer center in Mexico.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Pediatric Patients and Its Impact on Relationships in the Family Environment.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus on family environment relationships, as well as the management and approach to this disease.

Patients And Methods: One hundred one children, 52.47% male and 47.

Actin reorganization at the centrosomal area and the immune synapse regulates polarized secretory traffic of multivesicular bodies in T lymphocytes.

Unlabelled: T-cell receptor stimulation induces the convergence of multivesicular bodies towards the microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) and the polarization of the MTOC to the immune synapse (IS). These events lead to exosome secretion at the IS. We describe here that upon IS formation centrosomal area F-actin decreased concomitantly with MTOC polarization to the IS.

Identification of SNPs and InDels associated with berry size in table grapes integrating genetic and transcriptomic approaches.

Background: Berry size is considered as one of the main selection criteria in table grapes breeding programs, due to the consumer preferences. However, berry size is a complex quantitive trait under polygenic control, and its genetic determination of berry weight is not yet fully understood. The aim of this work was to perform marker discovery using a transcriptomic approach, in order to identify and characterize SNP and InDel markers associated with berry size in table grapes.

Incidental Finding of COVID-19 Lung Infection in 18F-FDG PET/CT: What Should We Do?

We report the case of an asymptomatic (no fever, no cough, no dyspnea) 80-year-old woman who had an F-FDG PET/CT scan for initial staging of Lieberkühnian adenocarcinoma located on anal canal. Chest analysis incidentally revealed bilateral diffuse patchy ground-glass opacity with mild increasing F-FDG uptake, consistent with incidental COVID-19 infection finding during the March 2020 pandemic. The infection was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

TRPV4 Mediates Acute Bladder Responses to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect a large proportion of the population, causing among other symptoms, more frequent and urgent micturition. Previous studies reported that the gram-negative bacterial wall component lipopolysaccharides (LPS) trigger acute epithelial and bladder voiding responses, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The cation channel TRPV4 is implicated in the regulation of the bladder voiding.

Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential TRPA1 Channels: From Structure to Disease.

The transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA) channels are Ca-permeable nonselective cation channels remarkably conserved through the animal kingdom. Mammals have only one member, TRPA1, which is widely expressed in sensory neurons and in non-neuronal cells (such as epithelial cells and hair cells). TRPA1 owes its name to the presence of 14 ankyrin repeats located in the NH terminus of the channel, an unusual structural feature that may be relevant to its interactions with intracellular components.

Protein Kinase C δ Regulates the Depletion of Actin at the Immunological Synapse Required for Polarized Exosome Secretion by T Cells.

Multivesicular bodies (MVB) are endocytic compartments that enclose intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) formed by inward budding from the limiting membrane of endosomes. In T lymphocytes, ILVs are secreted as Fas ligand-bearing, pro-apoptotic exosomes following T cell receptor (TCR)-induced fusion of MVB with the plasma membrane at the immune synapse (IS). In this study we show that protein kinase C δ (PKCδ), a novel PKC isotype activated by diacylglycerol (DAG), regulates TCR-controlled MVB polarization toward the IS and exosome secretion.

Differential effects of lipopolysaccharide on mouse sensory TRP channels.

Acute neurogenic inflammation and pain associated to bacterial infection have been traditionally ascribed to sensitization and activation of sensory nerve afferents secondary to immune cell stimulation. However, we recently showed that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) directly activate the Transient Receptor Potential channels TRPA1 in sensory neurons and TRPV4 in airway epithelial cells. Here we investigated whether LPS activates other sensory TRP channels expressed in sensory neurons.

Silica nanoparticles inhibit the cation channel TRPV4 in airway epithelial cells.

Background: Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have numerous beneficial properties and are extensively used in cosmetics and food industries as anti-caking, densifying and hydrophobic agents. However, the increasing exposure levels experienced by the general population and the ability of SiNPs to penetrate cells and tissues have raised concerns about possible toxic effects of this material. Although SiNPs are known to affect the function of the airway epithelium, the molecular targets of these particles remain largely unknown.